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Postuar nga Isra datė 04 Nëntor 2005 - 09:34:

Learn Albanian -meso Gjuhen Shqipe

MĖSIMI I GJUHĖS SHQIPE PĖR JO-SHQIPFOLĖS


pershendetje!

Kjo teme do te jete me vlere nese do te kemi te huaj ne kete forum dhe qe kane deshire te mesojne gjuhen shqipe, por pse jo dhe per ne shqipfolesit nuk do te ishte keq te mesonim gramatiken e gjuhes shqipe...

Lexim te mbare!


Shqipja ndėrkombėtare!
Tė huajtė duhet tė na pėrgjigjen shqip!
Just do eight steps, and everything will be just okay!
( Ēezar Kurti - http://www.geocities.com/cezarkurti/ )



MĖSIMI I PARĖ - LESSON 1


1. THE LETTERS OF THE ALBANIAN ALPHABET AND THEIR PRONUNCIATION

The Albanian language uses the Latin alphabet. There are 36 letters that correspond to the 36 sounds (7 vowels and 29 consonants). Unlike many European languages, Albanian words have no silent letters and letters are only pronounced one way. The correct pronunciation of the letters, therefore, provides the right pronunciation of the words.



THE LETTERS OF THE ALBANIAN ALPHABET ARE:

a, b, c, ē, d, dh, e, ė, f, g, gj, h, i, j, k, l, ll, m, n, nj, o, p, q, r, rr, s, sh, t, th, u, v, x, xh, y, z, zh.




l. THE PRONUNCIATION OF VOWELS

The vowels a, e, ė, i, o, u, y are pronounced like their English equivalents in the following words:

a - babą (father) - like a in father,

e - metąl (metal) - like e in metal,

ė - nėnė (mother) - like u in nurse,

i - mirė (good)- like i in image,

o - opera (opera)- like o in north,

u - frut (fruit) - like oo in food,

y - i dytė (second) - like u in excuse (french pronunciation)




2. THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANTS

The consonants b, c, ē, d, dh, f, g, gj, h, j, k, l, ll, m, n, nj, p, q, r,

rr, s, sh, t, th, v, x, xh, z , zh in most cases are pronounced like their English equivalents in these words:

b - babą (father) - like b in ballad,

c - cigąre (cigarette) - like ts in tsar,

ē - ēaj (tea) - like ch in much,

d - dąjė (uncle) - like d in detail,

dh - dhņmė (room) - like th in their,

f - fabrģkė (factory) - like f in false,

g - gur (stone), - like g in game,

gj - gjłhė (language) - there is no sound like this in English, but you can pronounce it like gi in give.

h - hąrtė (map) - like h in hard,

j - jčtė (life) - like y in yacht,

k - karvąn (convoy) - like c in camera,

l - legjčndė (legend) - like l in liver,

ll - llotarģ (lottery) - like ll in hill,

m - mamą (mother) - like m in match,

n - normąl (normaly) - like n in nurse,

nj - njerģ (men) - like ni- or ny- in onion or canyon,

p - partģ (party) - like p in partner,

q - qąrtė (clearly) - there is no sound like this in English, but you can pronounce it
like cky (kj) in stockyard or ch in chair.

r - reaksiņn (reaction) - like r in robot,

rr - rrņtė ( wheel) - like rr in "hurrah,"

s - sandąle (sandal) - like s in side,

sh - shkņllė (school) - like sh in shop,

t - titull (title) - like t in time,

th - thła (nail) - like th in thief,

v - včrė (summer) - like v in vague,

z - zčmėr (heart) - like z in zenith,

zh - zhłrmė (noise) - like s in vision,

x - nxėnės (pupil) - like z in zebra ,

xh - xhakčtė (jacket) - like j in jolly.



Usually the accent falls on the next-to-the-last syllable and remains unchangeable, for example: shkņllė (school), zčmėr (heart), jčtė (life), tģtull (title), včrė (summer).




B. PĖRSHĖNDETJET - THE GREETINGS

We will begin with useful Albanian greetings and their English equivalents. The most common greeting expression is Tungjatjeta — Hello (literally, long life to you).


Here are other greetings:

Mirėmėngjes - Good morning!

Mirėdita - Good afternoon!

Ditėn e mirė - Have a nice day!

Mirėmbrėma - Good evening!

Natėn e mirė - Good night!

Mirupafshim - Good bye!

Lamtumirė - Farewell!

Si jeni? - How are you? How do you do?

Shumė mirė - Very well!

Falemnderit - Thank you!


Exercise 1.

Repeat these greetings: Tungjatjeta, Mirėdita etc.



Exercise 2.

Try to read this dialogue:

In the morning:

Zana Kodra - Mirėmėngjes, zoti Smith (Mr. Smith)

Xhon Smithi - Mirėmėngjes, zonjusha Kodra (Miss Kodra).

During the day:

Zana Kodra- Mirėdita, zoti Smith.

Xhon Smithi - Mirėdita, zonjusha Kodra.

Zana Kodra- Si jeni?

Xhon Smithi - Falemnderit, shumė mirė. Po ju si jeni?

Zana Kodra - Shumė mirė. Ditėn e mirė, zoti Smith.

Xhon Smithi - Ditėn e mirė, zonjusha Kodra.

In the evening:

Zana Kodra - Mirėmbrėma, zoti Smith.

Xhon Smithi - Mirėmbrėma, zonjusha Kodra.

Zana Kodra - Si jeni, zoti Smith?

Xhon Smithi - Shumė mirė, falemnderit. Po ju si jeni?

Zana Kodra - Shumė mirė. Natėn e mirė, zoti Smith.

Xhon Smithi - Natėn e mirė, zonjusha Kodra.

You can use these greetings any time of the day:

Zana Kodra - Tungjatjeta, zoti Smith.

Xhon Smithi - Tungjatjeta, zonjusha Kodra.

Zana Kodra - Mirupafshim, zoti Smith.

Xhon Smithi - Mirupafshim, zonjusha Kodra.

www.cezarkurti.com


Postuar nga Isra datė 04 Nëntor 2005 - 09:37:

MĖSIMI I DYTĖ - LESSON 2



I. NJOHJA - INTRODUCTION (I)


A.

Zana - Tungjatjeta! (Hello, how are you?)

Marini - Tungjatjeta! (Hello, how are you?)

Zana - Unė jam shqiptare. Mė quajnė Zana Kodra. Po ju kush jeni, ju lutem? (I am an Albanian. My name is Zana Kodra. What is your name, please?)

Marini - Unė jam shqiptar. Mė quajnė Marin Drini. (I am an Albanian. My name is Marin Drini)

Zana - Po ai kush ėshtė? (And who is he?)

Marini - Ai ėshtė amerikan, e quajnė Xhon Smith. (He is an American, his name is John Smith).

Zana - Po ajo amerikane ėshtė? (Is she an American as well?)

Marini - Po, edhe ajo ėshtė amerikane, e quajnė Ana Graham. (Yes, she is an American too, her name is Anna Graham)

Zana - Po ata kush janė? (And who are they?)

Marini - Ata janė anglezė. (They are English)



B.

- Tungjatjeta! (How are you?)

- Tungjatjeta! (How are you?)

- Ju jeni anglez? (Are you English?)

- Jo, unė nuk jam anglez, jam amerikan. Mė quajnė Xhon Smith. (No, I am not English, I am American. My name is John Smith.)

- Po ju, amerikane jeni? (What about you, are you American?)

- Po, edhe unė amerikane jam. Mė quajnė Ana Graham. (Yes, I am an American as well. My name is Anna Graham.)





II. GRAMMAR:


1. PERSONAL PRONOUNS (PĖREMRAT PRONORĖ)

The personal pronouns in Albanian are:

Singular (Numri njejės) Plural (Numri shumės)


unė I ne we

ti you ju you

ai he ata they (masculine)

ajo she ato they (feminine))

2nd person singular ti is the familiar form, used when addressing a close friend, a child, or e member of one's family. The polite form of address is 2nd person plural ju. Notice that the pronoun unė (I) is not written with a capital in Albanian.

Unlike English, the Albanian language has two different forms for the 3rd person plural, respectively, Ata, which is masculine and Ato , which is feminine.




2. PRESENT INDICATIVE OF THE VERB JAM (TO BE)

The present indicative of the verb jam (to be) is as follows (it is irregular and should be memorized):

Singular Plural

unė jam I am ne jemi we are

ti je you are ju jeni you are

ai ėshtė he is ata janė they are (m.)

ajo ėshtė she is ato janė they are (f.)



The linking verb jam is used to form the compound predicate with the nouns (predicate nominatives).



Singular Plural

Unė jam shqiptar (I am Albanian) Ne jemi shqiptarė

Ti je shqiptar Ju jeni shqiptarė

Ai ėshtė shqiptar Ata janė shqiptarė

Ajo ėshtė shqiptare Ato janė shqiptare




3. THE PLURAL OF SOME MASCULINE AND FEMININE NOUNS

The plural of some masculine nouns is formed by adding -ė to the singular, for example: shqiptar - shqiptarė, amerikan - amerikanė, anglez - anglezė, italian - italianė etc.

From some masculine nouns in Albanian, you can form the feminine, by adding -e to the masculine singular, for example:




Masculine gender Feminine gender
(Gjinia mashkullore) (Gjinia femrore)


Singular

shqiptar shqiptare

amerikan amerikane

anglez angleze

italian italiane

gjerman gjermane

rus ruse


Plural

shqiptarė shqiptare

amerikan amerikane

anglezė angleze

italianė italiane

gjermanė gjermane

rusė ruse

The plural feminine nouns have the same ending-e , for example: njė shqiptare - disa shqiptare (an Albanian {woman} - some Albanians {women}). Here are some other examples of plural masculine and feminine nouns:


Masculine Feminine

francezė franceze

amerikanė amerikane

anglezė angleze

italianė italiane

gjermanė gjermane

rusė ruse



Exercise 1.
Say the following in Albanian:

He is Albanian. She is Italian. You are American. They are Englishmen. I am German. We are Albanians.




4. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES WITH THE INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS

Some interrogative sentences are formed using the interrogative pronouns: Kush (Who) and Ēfarė (What), and placing the subject after the linking verb jam, for example:

A. Kush?

Unė jam Xhon Smith. Kush jam unė? (I am John Smith. Who am I?)

Ai ėshtė Marin Drini. Kush ėshtė ai? (He is Marin Drini. Who is he?)

Ajo ėshtė Zana Kodra. Kush ėshtė ajo? (She is Zana Kodra. Who is she?)

Ajo ėshtė Ana Graham. Kush ėshtė ajo? (She is Anna Graham. Who is she?)



B. Ēfarė ?

Marini ėshtė shqiptar. Ēfarė ėshtė Marini? (Marin is Albanian. What is Marin?)

Zana ėshtė shqiptare. Ēfarė ėshtė Zana? (Zana is an Albanian. What is she?)

Ana Graham ėshtė amerikane. Ēfarė ėshtė Ana Graham? (Anna

Graham is an American. What is Anna Graham?)

Marini ėshtė pėrkthyes. Ēfarė ėshtė Marini. (Marin is a translator.

What is Marin?)

Xhon Smithi ėshtė gazetar. Ēfarė ėshtė Xhon Smithi? (John Smith is a journalist. What is John Smith?)



Note: Ēfarė ? is used when asking about profession, nationality etc.



Exercise 2.

Change the following sentences into interrogatives:

Example: Ai ėshtė amerikan. Ēfarė ėshtė ai?

Ajo ėshtė italiane. Ata janė amerikanė. Ne jemi anglezė. Ju jeni gjermanė. Unė jam shqiptar. Ti je gazetar. Ti je Marin Drini. Ajo ėshtė Zana Kodra. Ju jeni Xhon Smithi.



Exercise 3.

Try to form the masculine and feminine plural from these masculine nouns in singular:

Example: anglez

anglezė, angleze

amerikan, shqiptar, rus, italian, francez, gjerman, ukrainas (Ukrainian), hungarez (Hungarian), kanadez (Canadian), europian (European).




5. THE AFFIRMATIVE

The affirmative in Albanian is expressed by the adverb po (yes), for example:

Ju jeni shqiptar? Po, unė jam shqiptar.

(Are you Albanian? Yes, I am Albanian)


Other examples:

Ata janė amerikanė? Po, ata janė amerikanė.

Ai ėshtė gazetar? Po, ai ėshtė gazetar.

Ajo ėshtė pėrkthyese? Po, ajo ėshtė pėrkthyese.



Exercise 4.

Answer the following questions in the affirmative:

Example: Ai ėshtė pėrkthyes? Po, ai ėshtė pėrkthyes.

Ajo ėshtė amerikane? Ju jeni anglez? Ata janė gjermanė? Ti je pėrkthyes? Ai ėshtė gazetar?



6. THE NEGATIVE



The negative in Albanian is expressed with the help of adverbs jo (no) and nuk or s’ (not). Nuk (s’) is placed before the verb and after subject.

Ai ėshtė amerikan? (He is american?)

Jo, ai nuk ėshtė amerikan. (No, he is not american).

Ajo ėshtė pėrkthyese? Jo, ajo nuk ėshtė pėrkthyese.

Ata janė gjermanė? Jo, ata nuk janė gjermanė.

Note: in spoken Albanian, nuk is often dropped from a negative sentence, the s' alone suffices to denote negation.

Ti je amerikan? Jo, unė s’jam amerikan.

Ajo ėshtė pėrkthyese? Jo, ajo s’ėshtė pėrkthyese.

Ata janė gjermanė? Jo, ata s’janė gjermanė



Vocabulary

mėsimi i dytė - second lesson

njohja - introduction

unė - I

ti - You (singular)

ai - He

ne - We

ju - You (plural)

ata (m.) - They

ato (f.) - They

jam - to be (I am)

shqiptar (m.) - Albanian

shqiptare (f.) - Albanian

shqiptarė (plural m.) - Albanians

shqiptare (plural f.)- Albanians

anglez - Englishman

angleze - Englishwoman

anglezė - Englishmen

angleze - Englishwomen

amerikan (m.) - American

amerikane (f.) - American

amerikanė - Americans

italian (m) - Italian

italiane (f.)- Italian

italianė - Italians

gjerman (m). - German

gjermane (f.)- German

gjermanė - Germans

francez (m.) - French

franceze (f.) - Frenchwoman

francezė - Frenchmen

franceze - Frenchwomen

mė quajnė - my name is

tė quajnė - your name is

e quajnė - his name is

Kush ėshtė ai? - Who is he?

Ēfarė ėshtė ai? - What is he?

po ju - and you?

po - yes

jo - no

Ai nuk (s’)ėshtė. - He is not (He isn’t)

pėrkthyes (m.) - translator

pėrkthyese (f.) - translator

pėrkthyesė - translators

edhe - as well, and

www.cezarkurti.com


Postuar nga darke datė 04 Nëntor 2005 - 19:09:

oleeee isra!!! Faleminderit shume shume!! oh will u post more messages with lessons??
I must tell you that I've tried thousand times the pronunciation of albanian letters but there are some that I'm really unable to pronounce, specially the letter "y".

Also there are some sounds that I can distiguish: for example I can't pronounce differently the sounds of "th" and "z". or also it's difficult for me to prounce differently "zh" and "x" or "l" and "ll".

I have a question. You say in the message that every consonant and vocal has a different sound. But I wonder is it really different the sound of... for example the consonant "nj" to the sound of just "n" + "i"??? see that you put the example of the English word "onion" which it's a "n" sound + a "i" sound. This confuse me very much. Same thing with the sound "gj"= "g"+"i"???
Well you have to have in account that I find this difficulties from my Spanish "tongue". Sometimes it doesn't answer to my will when I want to pronounce some of the Albanian sounds

With all my devotion and respect for the Albanian language, I send you a kiss and thank you very much again for this threat. I promise to follow you in this threat to learn Albanian

Tung!


Postuar nga Isra datė 07 Nëntor 2005 - 09:16:

hello Darke!
I was waiting your answers, I knew you are foreign in this Forum and learning albanian ( as I know is one of your hobbies..)


Well u say, it's difficult to pronounce the letter "y"
Try to find some word similiar to this letter, for example:

y - i dytė (second) - like u in excuse (french pronunciation)
Anyway u are right, the difficulties exist.....


About the letters 'l' 'll' 'z' 'zh' 'x' u have to repeat them many times in words.

l - legjčndė (legend) - like l in liver,

ll - llotarģ (lottery) - like ll in hill,


z - zčmėr (heart) - like z in zenith,

zh - zhłrmė (noise) - like s in vision,

x - nxėnės (pupil) - like z in zebra ,


You said:

for example the consonant "nj" to the sound of just "n" + "i"??? see that you put the example of the English word "onion" which it's a "n" sound + a "i" sound. This confuse me very much. Same thing with the sound "gj"= "g"+"i"???


My friend Prudenc (an american) and at the begining she found difficulties pronouncing this letters in sentences, but during her stay in Albania she got a very good accent...And obviosly that's the result of comunications with each-other, so your case is different, you are going to learn albanian through internet....

About letter 'gj'= 'g'+'i'.....gj - gjłhė (language) - there is no sound like this in English, but you can pronounce it like gi in give.It depends by practicing
the albanian too....

the same thing is with the letters: nj - njerģ (men) - like ni- or ny- in onion or canyon,

Anyway, I'm not going to give another lesson, 'cause u have to practice those above
Finally, I thank u for following me in this threat..

tung


Postuar nga Cindi datė 07 Nëntor 2005 - 14:01:

Thumbs up Gjinite e mbiemrave

Urime per temen Isra!

Kjo duhet te ishte tema e pare e hapur per shqiptaret jashte atdheut, sidomos per femijet adoleshente qe u rrite jashte shtetit.

Po hyj ne teme.

Mbiemrat femerore dhe mashkullore (Male-female adjectives.)

In albanian language usually the male adjective in singular starts with the paranthesis (i) and dhe female adjective starts with the paranthesis (e)

Examples:

Male-------Female
---------------------------------------------------
i bukur - e bukur (beautifull)

i mire - e mire (good)

I keq - e keqe (bad)

i shpejte - e shpejte (quick)

In plural most of the adjectives start with the paranthesis "te"

te mire - te mira (good)

te keqij - te keqija (bad)

Mesim te mbare


Postuar nga Cindi datė 07 Nëntor 2005 - 14:14:

Talking Numri i emrave

Eshte nje nga rregullat e gjuhes shqipe qe shume femije shqiptare i ngaterron ne lidhje me shumesin e emrave ne disa nga emrat e parregullt te cilat do ti permend me poshte: Kale - kala ose grua - gruat etj.

In albanian language we use the nouns in singular and plural, like (book-books)=(libri-librat) ose (glass-glasses) = (gota-gotet) etj. But sometimes there are exceptions in this rule of grammar like (horse-horses)= (kale- kuaj) ose (woman-women)=(grua-grate)


Postuar nga Ujėdhesa datė 07 Nëntor 2005 - 14:24:

Hi Darkė, you're right, some sounds are really difficult for the foreigners. Our letter "nj" is pronounced like the spanish "Ń" and our "gj" is pronounced almost like you pronounce the letter "y' in Yo or like "ll" in the word "Llama". At least this is from what I have noticed hearing the latin american spanish. Than our L is like your L (limpio) whereas our Ll is like the american L, which is "stronger". The other sounds are more difficult, I'll try later to explain how you can try to pronounce some of them.


Postuar nga darke datė 07 Nëntor 2005 - 18:40:

Thumbs up

Dont complain about discrimination, so de subforun is open now! and go go go barēa


Postuar nga Ujėdhesa datė 07 Nëntor 2005 - 18:46:

Atehere do te perpiqem te shpjegoj (sidomos per Darkėn) se si mund te shqiptohen disa germa te alfabetit shqip.
-ndryshimi midis th-se dhe z-se
Per te shqiptuar germen th gjuha vendoset midis dhembeve, duke prekur dhembet e poshtem dhe duke lene nje hapesire te vogel me dhembet e siperm. Kurse per te shqiptuar germen z gjuha vendoset ne te njejtin posicion si ne rastin e germes S (si tek fjala Todos ne spanjisht), por nofulla e poshtem leviz prapa, ne menyre qe dhembet e siperm te dalin perpara dhembeve te poshtem (ndryshe nga S-ja ku dhembet e poshtem dhe te siperm jane ne te njejtin drejtim) dhe le ajrin te dale jashte gojes midis dhembeve qe nuk jane te bashkuara.

Darkė let me know if you need my explanations in english, it's difficult, but I'll try. Or somebody else here can help me with the translation.

Shqiptimi i zh-se eshte i perafert me shqiptimin e sh-se (se gjuhes shqipe), kurse ai i x-se me ate te c-se(se gjuhes shqipe), por prape kane ndryshim nga njera-tjetra.

Per te shqiptuar zh-ne pozicioni i gjuhes dhe i buzeve eshte i njejte si ne rastin e shqiptimit te sh-se vetem se ne rastin e zh-se nofulla e poshtme leviz prapa ne menyre qe dhembet e siperm te dalin perpara atyre te poshtem (si ne rastin e z-se me s-ne) dhe duke mos i bashkuar dhembet, por duke lene nje hapesire te vogel midis tyre e le ajrin te dale nga goja midis dhembeve.

Persa i perket x-se dhe c-se me duhet te mendohem,qe te gjej menyren me te mire per ta shpjeguar, eshte pak me e veshtire se z-ja dhe zh-ja.


Postuar nga Isra datė 08 Nëntor 2005 - 07:41:

Hello people!!!
Pershendetje darke, football dhe ujedhesa.
Thank u darke for your attention!
Ju falenderoj shume football dhe ujedhesa per ndihmen tuaj ne kete teme.
Ujedhesa meqe ju dini spanjisht mund ta ndihmoni darke ne shqiptimin e shume fjaleve qe jane te veshtira per tė.


Askush nuk mund te thote qe gjuha shqipe eshte e lehte, perderisa gramatika e saj eshte tmerresisht e veshtire, sepse mua me jane dashur kater vjet te plota studim ne fakultet per ta pervetesuar, dhe perseri kam mangesira.....
Anyway let's go with the third lesson..



MĖSIMI I TRETĖ - LESSON 3



I. NJOHJA - INTRODUCTION (II)



A.

Xhon Smithi: - Tungjatjeta, Marin! (Hello, how are you, Marin!)

Marin Drini: - Tungjatjeta, Xhon! (How do you do, John!)

Xhon Smithi: - Po kjo kush ėshtė? (And who is she?)

Marin Drini: - Ah, mė falni! Njihuni, ju lutem. Kjo zonjusha ėshtė Zana Kodra. Ajo ėshtė shqiptare, pėrkthyese. Zana, ky ėshtė zoti Xhon Smith. Ai ėshtė amerikan. Ai ėshtė gazetar.
(Oh, I beg your pardon! Let me introduce you, please! This young woman is Zana Kodra. She is Albanian and she is an interpreter. Zana, this gentleman is John Smith. He is American. He is a reporter.)

Zana Kodra: - Gėzohem qė u njohėm! (It’s my pleasure to meet you.)

Xhon Smithi: - Gėzohem gjithashtu! (It’s my pleasure, too!)

Marin Drini: - Zoti Smith di pak shqip. Ai po mėson ēdo ditė. Unė po e ndihmoj. (Mister Smith has a little knowledge of Albanian. He is learning every day. I am helping him.)

Zana Kodra: - Sa mirė! Tani mė falni, po shkoj. Shoqėroj disa turistė anglezė dhe ata mė presin. Mirupafshim! (Very nice! And now, excuse me, I have to go. I am accompanying some English tourists and they are waiting for me. See you again!)

Marin Drini: - Mirupafshim, Zana! (Bye-bye, Zana!)

Xhon Smithi: - Mirupafshim! (Good bye!)

B.

- Kush ėshtė kjo zonjushė? (Who is this young woman?)

- Kjo ėshtė Zana Kodra. (She is Zana Kodra.)

- Ēfarė ėshtė ajo? (Who is she?)

- Ajo ėshtė shqiptare. Ajo ėshtė pėrkthyese. (She is Albanian. She is an interpreter.)

- Po ai zotnia kush ėshtė? (And who is that gentleman?)

- Ai ėshtė Xhon Smith. (He is John Smith.)

- Ēfarė ėshtė ai? (Who is he?)

- Ai ėshtė amerikan. Ai ėshtė gazetar. (He is American. He is a reporter.)



II. GRAMMAR

THE INDEFINITE FORM OF NOUNS

The albanian nouns have indefinite and definite forms.

In the preceding dialogue we have used the indefinite forms of the nouns as the predicate nominative:

ajo ėshtė shqiptare, pėrkthyese; ai ėshtė amerikan, gazetar

(she is Albanian, interpreter; he is American, reporter).

The indefinite form of nouns indicates persons or things generally, without distinguishing them from groups of persons or things:

Kush ėshtė ai? Ai ėshtė gazetar (njė gazetar).

Who is he? He is a reporter.

The indefinite form of the nouns is used with or without the indefinite article 'njė' (in English a - an) in singular:

gazetar - njė gazetar (reporter - a reporter)

and disa (ca) (some) in plural:

gazetarė - disa (ca) gazetarė (reporters - some reporters)

The plural indefinite form of the noun is formed by adding to the singular indefinite the ending or -a for masculine and -e or -a for feminine:

njė shok - disa shokė (m.) - a friend - some friends

njė laps - disa lapsa (m.) - a pencil - some pencils

njė italiane - disa italiane (f.) - an Italian woman - some Italian women

njė dhomė - disa dhoma (f.) - a room - some rooms


Here are some examples:


Singular Plural

shoqe - njė shoqe (f.) a friend shoqe - disa shoqe - some friends

shqiptar - njė shqiptar shqiptarė - disa shqiptarė

shqiptare - njė shqiptare shqiptare - disa shqiptare

amerikan - njė amerikan amerikanė - disa amerikanė

amerikane - njė amerikane amerikane - disa amerikane

libėr - njė libėr libra - disa libra

pėrkthyese - njė pėrkthyese pėrkthyese - disa pėrkthyese

ditė - njė ditė ditė - disa ditė



Exercise 1.

Change to the indefinite form with the indefinite article:

Examples: libėr - njė libėr (book - a book):


mėsim - shqiptar - shqiptare -

laps (pencil) - amerikan - amerikane -

fjalė (word) - italian - italiane -

libėr (book) - anglez - angleze -



Exercise 2.

Change to the indefinite plural form :

Examples: njė shok - disa shokė, njė shoqe - disa shoqe.


njė shqiptar - njė shqiptare -

njė turist - njė turiste -

njė gazetar - njė gazetare -

njė anglez njė angleze -

njė pėrkthyes njė pėrkthyese

njė fjalė -

njė mėsim -

njė cigare -



B.NUMERALS

The cardinal numbers in Albanian are:

Njė (1), dy (2), tre (3), katėr (4), pesė (5), gjashtė (6), shtatė (7), tetė

(8), nėntė (9), dhjetė (10), njėmbėdhjetė (11), dymbėdhjetė (12), tre-

mbėdhjetė (13), katėrmbėdhjetė (14), pesėmbėdhjetė (15), gjashtė-mbėdhjetė (16), shtatėmbėdhjetė (17), tetėmbėdhjetė (18), nėntėmbė-dhjetė (19), njėzet (20), njėzet e njė (21), njėzet e dy (22), njėzet e tre (23), njėzet e katėr (24), njėzet e pesė (25) etj., tridhjetė (30), tridhjetė e njė (1), tridhjetė e dy (32) etj. dyzet (40), pesėdhjetė (50), gjashtėdhjetė (60), shtatėdhjetė (70), tetėdhjetė (80), nėntėdhjetė (90), njėqind (100), njėqindenjė (101), njėqindedy (102), dyqind (200), treqind (300), katėrqind (400), pesėqind (500), gjashtėqind (600), shtatėqind (700), tetėqind (800), nėntėqind (900), njėmijė (1000), njėmijenjė (1001), njėmijedy (1002) etj.



Exercise 3.

Translate into English:

njė, gjashtė, dhjetė, pesėmbėdhjetė, njėzet, njėzetenjė, tridhjetė, shtatė, trembėdhjetė, dyzet, pesėqind, treqind, pesė, pesėdhjetė, njėmijė



Exercise 4.

Translate these cardinal numerals into Albanian:

2, 5, 7, 10, 100, 50, 30, 300, 1000, 101, 8, 18, 6, 60.



Vocabulary

mėsimi i tretė - third lesson

po ky zotėria kush ėshtė - and who is this gentleman

po kjo zonjusha kush ėshtė - and who is this young woman

mė falni - I beg your pardon, excuse me

ju lutem - please

ky ėshtė(m.) - this is

kjo ėshtė (f.) - this is

pėrkthyes (m) - translator

pėrkthyese (f) - translator

gazetar (m.) - reporter, writer

gazetare (f.) - reporter, writer

gėzohem qė u njohėm - It’s my pleasure to meet you, I am pleased to know you

gėzohem gjithashtu - I am pleased, too

di shqip - he knows Albanian

pak - a little

mėson - to learn

ēdo ditė - every day

e ndihmoj - I help him

sa mirė - very well, so good

po shkoj - I am going

shoqėroj - to accompany

turist (m.) - tourist

turiste (f.) - tourist

libėr - book

laps - pencil

mė presin - they are waiting for me

www.cezarkurti.com


Postuar nga Ujėdhesa datė 08 Nëntor 2005 - 13:10:

Wink

Pershendetje Isra dhe te pergezoj per detyren e veshtire qe ke marre persiper. Une po mundohem te ndihmoj Darken me aq sa kam mundesi edhe si shperblim te mesimeve te saj per ne ne spanjisht. Por ne e dime me mire se kushdo, qe disa germa jane shume te veshtira ose te pamundura per t'u shqiptuar nga disa te huaj. Edhe une nuk eshte se flas spanjisht, tani per tani vetem kuptoj, m.gj.a. eshte kenaqesi te ndihmosh dike te flase gjuhen tende. Mirupafshim.


Postuar nga Ujėdhesa datė 08 Nëntor 2005 - 13:15:

Isra kam nje pyetje, po lexoja numeroret me larte dhe pashe qe numrin 100 e ke shkruar "njeqind" me "d". Kur kam qene ne shkolle mbaj mend qe me drejtshkrimin e atehershem ka qene "njeqint". A mund te me thuash ne e kane ndryshuar perseri? Se mesa duket "Instituti i gjuhesise" nuk ka me se te merret dhe i ndryshon rregullat ēdo 4-5 vjet. Ashtu si folja ble qe ne kohen time ka qene e zgjedhimit te trete dhe tani e kane bere te zgjedhimit te pare. Me fal nese te pengoj me pyetjet e mia, por eshte thjesht per kureshtje. Faleminderit dhe mirupafshim.


Postuar nga Isra datė 08 Nëntor 2005 - 14:06:

Citim:
Po citoj ato qė tha Ujėdhesa
Isra kam nje pyetje, po lexoja numeroret me larte dhe pashe qe numrin 100 e ke shkruar "njeqind" me "d". Kur kam qene ne shkolle mbaj mend qe me drejtshkrimin e atehershem ka qene "njeqint". A mund te me thuash ne e kane ndryshuar perseri? Se mesa duket "Instituti i gjuhesise" nuk ka me se te merret dhe i ndryshon rregullat ēdo 4-5 vjet. Ashtu si folja ble qe ne kohen time ka qene e zgjedhimit te trete dhe tani e kane bere te zgjedhimit te pare. Me fal nese te pengoj me pyetjet e mia, por eshte thjesht per kureshtje. Faleminderit dhe mirupafshim.


ujedhes mos me thuaj ne 'kohen time' se sje 30-40 vjec qe thua keshtu
sa per pyetjet pyet pa hezitim se dhe mua me rifreskojne, duke i kujtuar.

Persa i perket 'd':
pas bashketingellores 'n' vjen gjithmone bashketingellorja e zeshme 'd' dhe jo 't'
ndertese, nderroj, ndaj, dhe njeqind

duhet te lexoj dhe njehere rregullin gramatikor por jam e sigurt qe keshtu eshte.

ndersa folja blej eshte e zgjedhimit te pare ashtu sic e di dhe ti...

mireulexofshim


Postuar nga Ujėdhesa datė 08 Nëntor 2005 - 14:14:

Smile

40 nuk jam po 30 jam ama. Eshte e vertete ajo qe thau ti, por sic me kane thene bashketingelloret e zeshme kur jane ne fund te fjales "shurdhohen" d.m.th. behen te pazeshme. P.sh. emrin Edmond ne ne shqip e shkruajme Edmont. Dhe kur kam qene une ne shkollen 8-vjecare 100 shkruhej njeqint dhe folja blej ishte ble, pra folje e zgjedhimit te trete dhe nuk ndryshonte ne vete e pare, te dyte dhe te trete te kohes se tashme, menyra deftore. Faleminderit per pergjigjen tende dhe te lutem me mbaj ne dijeni te ndryshimeve qe jane bere.


Postuar nga Isra datė 08 Nëntor 2005 - 14:23:

po citoj ujedhesen:

por sic me kane thene bashketingelloret e zeshme kur jane ne fund te fjales "shurdhohen" d.m.th. behen te pazeshme. P.sh. emrin Edmond ne ne shqip e shkruajme Edmont.

po shurdhohen ne fund te fjales persa i perket shqiptimit por jo drejtshkrimit.. Edmond shkruhet me d dhe jo me 't',


Postuar nga Cindi datė 08 Nëntor 2005 - 18:46:

Thumbs up

Citim:
Po citoj ato qė tha isra
po citoj ujedhesen:

por sic me kane thene bashketingelloret e zeshme kur jane ne fund te fjales "shurdhohen" d.m.th. behen te pazeshme. P.sh. emrin Edmond ne ne shqip e shkruajme Edmont.

po shurdhohen ne fund te fjales persa i perket shqiptimit por jo drejtshkrimit.. Edmond shkruhet me d dhe jo me 't',



Eshte me se e vertete Isra, Edmond, njeqind etj.

zgjedhimi i fjales "blej":

Koha e tashme(present tense):

Njejes:
--------
une blej
ti blen
ai blen

Shumes:
------------
Ne blejme
ju bleni
ata blejne

Isra rrofsh se po me freskon edhe mua gramatiken. Eshte kenaqesi te te ndjekim.

Ujedhesa me duket se jam me i lashte se te dyja juve dhe kam siguri ne kete regull gramatikor. Pastaj Darke regulla te pergjithshme do te mesoj. Detajeve mund tua marri doren edhe me vone, duke folur dhe duke e praktikuar.

Ju pershendes te treve, darke, Isra dhe Ujedhesa.


Postuar nga Ujėdhesa datė 08 Nëntor 2005 - 18:56:

Ne te vertete une kerkova vetem nje konfirmim nga Isra per ndryshimet qe i behen shpesh gjuhes shqipe. Kjo nuk ishte per Darken, sepse asnje i huaj nuk do t'u hyje hollesive. Nje gje e them me siguri qe nga viti 86-90, kur kam mbaruar klasen e tete 100 shkruhej njeqint, emri Edmond shkruhej Edmont dhe folja blej ishte ble (folje e zgjedhimit te trete)
Une ble
ti ble
ai ble
ne bleme
ju blini
ata blene
per konfirmim mund te pyesni ndonje mesues gjuhe qe ka kohe qe e jep kete lende. Pak rendesi ka une nuk do te zgjatem metej me keto hollesira, sepse dua t'i le vend Isres per te vazhduar me leksione te tjera, qe jane te nevojshme per Darken. Ju pershendes te treve, Isren, Football-in dhe Darken.


Postuar nga Cindi datė 08 Nëntor 2005 - 19:13:

Citim:
Po citoj ato qė tha Ujėdhesa
Ne te vertete une kerkova vetem nje konfirmim nga Isra per ndryshimet qe i behen shpesh gjuhes shqipe. Kjo nuk ishte per Darken, sepse asnje i huaj nuk do t'u hyje hollesive. Nje gje e them me siguri qe nga viti 86-90, kur kam mbaruar klasen e tete 100 shkruhej njeqint, emri Edmond shkruhej Edmont dhe folja blej ishte ble (folje e zgjedhimit te trete)
Une ble
ti ble
ai ble
ne bleme
ju blini
ata blene
per konfirmim mund te pyesni ndonje mesues gjuhe qe ka kohe qe e jep kete lende. Pak rendesi ka une nuk do te zgjatem metej me keto hollesira, sepse dua t'i le vend Isres per te vazhduar me leksione te tjera, qe jane te nevojshme per Darken. Ju pershendes te treve, Isren, Football-in dhe Darken.



Atehere une po terhiqem e dashur Ujedhesa se e shoh qe qenkam "Dinosaur" persa i perket gramatikes. Eshte mire kur azhornohesh edhe me ndryshimet e reja. Flm.

Pershendetje _ football


Postuar nga Isra datė 09 Nëntor 2005 - 13:35:

MĖSIMI I KATĖRT - LESSON 4


I. NĖ PARK - IN THE PARK



A.

Ēdo mėngjes Xhon Smithi bėn shėtitje nė park. Parku ndodhet afėr hotelit. Ai ėshtė i madh dhe i gjelbėr. Xhon Smithi mėson shqip. Ēdo ditė ai mėson nga njė mėsim.

Mėsimi i sotėm ėshtė i vėshtirė. Nė orėn tetė vjen Marini dhe e ndihmon.



B. TRANSLATION:

John Smith takes a walk in the park every morning . The park is near the hotel and it is big and green. John Smith studies Albanian. He studies one lesson a day.

Today’s lesson is difficult. Marin Drini came at 8 o’clock to help him with his lesson.

C. QUESTIONS - ANSWERS:

- Kur bėn shėtitje Xhon Smithi nė park?
When does John Smith take a walk in the park?

- Ai bėn shėtitje nė park ēdo mėngjes.
He takes a walk in the park every morning.

- Ku ndodhet parku?
Where is the park?

- Parku ndodhet afėr hotelit.
The park is near the hotel.

- A ėshtė i madh apo i vogėl parku?
Is the park big or small?

- Parku ėshtė i madh dhe i gjelbėr.
The park is big and green.

- Ēfarė mėson Xhon Smithi?
What does John Smith study?

- Xhon Smithi mėson shqip.
John Smith studies Albanian.

- Ėshtė i vėshtirė mėsimi i sotėm?
Is today’s lesson difficult?

- Po, mėsimi i sotėm ėshtė i vėshtirė.
Yes, today’s lesson is difficult.

- Nė ēfarė ore vjen Marini ?
What time does Marin arrive?

- Marini vjen nė orėn 8.
Marin arrives at 8 o’clock.


II. GRAMMAR:


1. THE DEFINITE FORM OF MASCULINE NOUNS

In the last lesson, we covered the indefinite form of nouns: shok - njė shok / disa (ca) shokė..

Unlike the indefinite forms, the definite form of nouns is used to individualize a person or thing, distinguishing it from a group of similiar persons and things. For example:

Erdhi njė gazetar (indef.). A reporter came (a reporter that is unknown to us).

Erdhi gazetari (def.). The reporter came (a reporter that is known to us).

The definite form is made with the articles i, a etc. that are placed always after the noun and are connected directly to the stem of the noun. For example:

gazetar (m.) - njė gazetar (indef.) - gazetari (def.)

dhomė (f.)- njė dhomė (indef.) - dhoma (def.).

The definite form of masculine nouns is formed by adding the article -i or -u. The article is placed after the noun and is connected directly to its stem.

Here are some examples with the article - i.

mėsim njė mėsim mėsimi (the lesson)

shqiptar njė shqiptar shqiptari

mėngjes njė mėngjes mėngjesi (the morning)

amerikan njė amerikan amerikani

gazetar njė gazetar gazetari

The nouns that end in consonants k, g, h or in accented vowels ķ and é are put in the definite form by adding the article -u. For example:

park njė park parku

shok njė shok shoku

mik njė mik miku

zog njė zog zogu

krah njė krah krahu

arķ njė arķ ariu

njerķ njė njerķ njeriu

atdhé njė atdhé atdheu


Exercise 1

Put these masculine nouns in the definite form:

Examples: turist - njė turist - turisti

mėsues - njė mėsues - mėsuesi

hotel - njė hotel -

student - njė student -

anglez - njė anglez -

gjerman - njė gjerman -

francez - njė francez -

italian - njė italian

ushtrim - njė ushtrim -

njerķ - njė njerķ -

krah - njė krah -




2. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES WITH INTERROGATIVE ADVERBS


Some interrogative sentences in Albanian are formed with the help of the interrogative adverbs Kur? (When?), Ku? (Where?) and Si ? How?). For example:

Xhoni shėtit nė park ēdo mėngjes. John walks in the park every morning.

Kur shėtit Xhoni nė Park? When does John walk in the park?

Parku ndodhet afėr hotelit. The park is near the hotel.

Ku ndodhet parku? Where is the park?

Parku ėshtė i madh dhe i gjelbėr. The park is big and green.

Si ėshtė parku? How is the park?



III. TELLING TIME. WHAT TIME IS IT?

Sa ėshtė ora? What time is it?

Ora ėshtė nėntė. It is nine o’clock.

Ora ėshtė nėntė e gjysmė. It is nine thirty.

Ora ėshtė dhjetė e njėzetepesė (minuta). It is twenty five minutes past ten.

Ora ėshtė njėmbėdhjetė e dyzet. It is forty minutes past eleven.

Ora ėshtė dymbėdhjetė fiks. It is twelve o’clock sharp.

Ora ėshtė dymbėdhjetė e dhjetė. It is ten minutes past twelve.

Tani ėshtė mesditė. It is now midday.

Tani ėshtė mesnatė. It is now midnight.

Pas njė ore. In one hour (An hour later).

Pas dhjetė minutash. In ten minutes.

Tani. Now.

Ėshtė herėt akoma. It is still early.

Ėshtė vonė. It is late.

Ju lutem, mė thoni, sa ėshtė ora? What time is it, please?

Mė vjen keq, por nuk mundem. I am sorry, but I cannot.

Ora ime ka mbetur. My watch has stopped working.

Ora ime shkon pėrpara. My watch is fast.

Nė ēfarė ore (Nė ē’orė)? At what time? When?

Nė orėn njė. At one o’clock.

Nė orėn nėntė tė mbrėmjes. At ten o’clock in the evening.

Nė orėn dy tė natės. At two o’clock at night.



Exercise 2.

Translate this dialogue into English:


- A shkojmė sot nė teatėr?
- Nė ē’orė?
- Nė orėn shtatė tė mbrėmjes.
-Tani ėshtė ora pesė e mbrėmjes.
- Ndoshta ėshtė vonė pėr biletat?
- Jo, jemi nė kohė.
- Mirė, shkojmė.




Vocabulary

mėngjes-i - morning
ēdo mėngjes - every morning
bėj shėtitje - to take a walk
nė park - in the park
hotel-i - hotel
ndodhet - to be located
afėr - near
i(e) madh - big
i (e) gjelbėr - green
mėsoj - to study, to learn
shqip - Albanian
ditė-a - day
ēdo ditė - every day
nga njė mėsim - one lesson at a time
vij - vjen - to come
ndihmoj - to help
kur - when
ku - where
si - how
shok-u - friend, comrade
mik-u - friend, fellow, mate
zog-u - bird
krah-u - arm
njerķ-u - man
atdhé-u - homeland
mėsues-i (m.) - teacher
mėsues/e-ja (f.) - teacher
dhe - and
fjalor-i - vocabulary
or/ė-a - watch, hour, time
minut/ė-a - minute
sekond/ė-a - second
sa ėshtė ora - what time is it
mbrėmje - evening
mesditė - noon, midday
mesnatė - midnight
tani - now
ėshtė vonė - it is late
ėshtė herėt - it is early
nė kohė - on time
i sotėm - today’s, contemporary


Note: the nouns are placed in the vocabulary in the indefinite and definite form, for example: mėngjes-i, shok-u, sekondė-a etc.

www.cezarkurti.com


Postuar nga Isra datė 09 Nëntor 2005 - 13:39:

Citim:
Po citoj ato qė tha football


Atehere une po terhiqem e dashur Ujedhesa se e shoh qe qenkam "Dinosaur" persa i perket gramatikes. Eshte mire kur azhornohesh edhe me ndryshimet e reja. Flm.

Pershendetje _ football



football, mos u terhiq djali, po na ndihmo dhe ti te shkembejme njohurite
Ti dhe Ujedhesa jeni personat e duhur per kete teme, ndaj dhe kur te mos jem une ju mund ta vazhdoni kete teme ne ndihme te atyre qe kane deshire te diskutojne dhe mesojne gjuhen tone shqipe....


hugs


Postuar nga Cindi datė 09 Nëntor 2005 - 15:31:

Citim:
Po citoj ato qė tha isra


football, mos u terhiq djali, po na ndihmo dhe ti te shkembejme njohurite
Ti dhe Ujedhesa jeni personat e duhur per kete teme, ndaj dhe kur te mos jem une ju mund ta vazhdoni kete teme ne ndihme te atyre qe kane deshire te diskutojne dhe mesojne gjuhen tone shqipe....


hugs



Thank you,

It's so nice from both of you that we have that kind of understanding. I'll keep that in my mind and any time when I'll find time will be my pleasure to contribute in this nen-forum and to learn albanian to the new generations so deep in grammar.

respect _ football


Postuar nga Ujėdhesa datė 09 Nëntor 2005 - 18:28:

Isra une shume, shume asistentja jote mund te jem, por po u largove ti na le "jetime". Gramatika e gjuhes shqipe nuk eshte shaka. Vetem ti , nga ne te tre, mund ta shpjegosh, sepse ke studiuar 4 vjet. Ne mund te te japim ndonje dore nganjehere ne gjera te vogla. Shendet!


Postuar nga Cindi datė 10 Nëntor 2005 - 21:05:

Po citoj ato qe tha Isra:


II. GRAMMAR:


1. THE DEFINITE FORM OF MASCULINE NOUNS

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Isra te lutem mund te me shpjegosh dryshimin ne anglisht medis male and masculine. Kuptimin ua di te dyjave, qe do te thote mashkullore dhe qe maskuline eshte me prejardhje latine. Eshte kjo nje shprehje e re per gjinine mashkullore te emrave, mbiemrave dhe peremrave ne gramatiken angleze apo ka nje kuptim te vecante dhe nje fare diferencimi midis tyre? Te pyes per faktin sepse jami sigurte qe mund te marre nje pergjigje te kenaqshme, si rezultat i studimit analitik te gjuhes shqipe dhe angleze njekohesisht.

Ne kohen kur neve na diktohej anglishtja gramatikore ne liber permendej male and female for nouns, pronouns and adjectives.

Thanks


Postuar nga Isra datė 14 Nëntor 2005 - 10:59:

Hi, Football,te them te drejten, gramatiken angleze nuk e kam shume te qarte, sic e keni pare ne fillim te temes, keto mesime jane shkeputur nga gjuhetari Cezar Kurti, , por persa i perket gjuhes shqipe, meqe kam mbaruar vete per kete dege, mund t'ju ndihmoj me pyetje te metejshme..

Vazhdojme:



MĖSIMI I PESTĖ - LESSON 5



I. NĖ HOTEL - IN THE HOTEL


A.

Xhon Smithi ka zėnė vend nė hotel "Tirana". Ai ka njė dhomė nė katin e tretė. Dhoma ka njė dritare. Dritarja sheh nga parku, ajo nuk ka pamje nga qyteti.

Xhon Smithi ėshtė gazetar amerikan. Ai banon nė Nju Jork, por ndodhet pėr disa ditė me punė nė Tiranė. Kėtu ai ka njė shok. Shoku quhet Marin Drini. Nė hotel ka shumė turistė.



B. TRANSLATION:

John Smith is staying at the Hotel Tirana. His room is on the third floor. The room has a window. The window looks out onto the park, but does not have a view of the city.

John Smith is an American journalist. He lives in New York, but he is now on business for a few days in Tirane. He has a friend here. His friend’s name is Marin Drini. There are many tourists in the hotel.



C. Questions - Answers:

- Kush ėshtė Xhon Smithi? Who is John Smith ?

- Xhon Smithi ėshtė gazetar amerikan. John Smith is an American journalist.

- Ku ka zėnė vend ai? Where is he staying?

- Ai ka zėnė vend nė hotel "Tirana" He is staying at the Hotel Tirana.

- A ka dhomė ai nė hotel? Does he have a room in the hotel?

- Po, ai ka njė dhomė nė hotel. Yes, he has a room in the hotel

- A ka dhoma pamje nga qyteti? Does the room have a city view?

- Jo, dhoma s’ ka pamje nga qyteti. No, the room does not have a city view.

- Ka shumė turistė nė hotel? Are there many tourists in the hotel?

- Po, nė hotel ka shumė turistė. Yes, there are many tourists in the hotel.





II. GRAMMAR


1. PRESENT INDICATIVE OF THE VERB KAM(TO HAVE):


The present indicative of the verb kam (to have) is as follows:

Singular Plural

unė kam I have - ne kemi we have

ti ke you have - ju keni you have

ai ka he has - ata kanė they have

ajo ka she has - ato kanė they have


Exercise 1.

Note the use of verb kam :

A. Unė kam njė libėr - I have a book.

Ti ke njė fletore - You have a notebook.

Xhon Smithi ka njė shok. John Smith has a friend.

Ai ka njė dhomė nė hotel. He has a room in the hotel.

Dhoma ka pamje nga parku. The room has a view of the park.



B. Ēfarė keni ju? Unė kam njė libėr.

What do you have? I have a book.

Keni ju shokė kėtu? Po, unė kam njė shok kėtu.

Do you have friends here? Yes, I have a friend here.

Ka dhoma dritare? Po, dhoma ka njė dritare.

Does the room have windows? Yes, the room has a window.

A keni ju makinė? Jo, unė nuk kam makinė.

Do you have a car? No, I do not have a car.

Ka Marini shokė? Jo, Marini s’ka shokė.

Does Marin have friends ? No, Marin does not have friends.

Ka ajo libėr? Jo, ajo nuk ka libėr.

Does she have a book? No, she does not have a book.

Kanė ata gazetė? Jo, ata nuk kanė gazetė.

Do they have a newspaper? No, they do not have a newspaper.



Note: To express the negation you must put before the verb the adverb nuk or s’ (not)) - nuk kam, s’kam:


Keni libėr? Jo, nuk kam (s’kam) libėr.

Do you have a book? No, I do not have a book. (I don’t have a book.)



Exercise 2.

Translate into Albanian:

I do not have a friend. She has a dictionary. He has a car. We have a newspaper. You don’t have a pencil.



2. THE DEFINITE FORM OF FEMININE SINGULAR NOUNS

The definite form of feminine singular nouns is formed as follows:

A. Singular feminine nouns with the indefinite ending -ė are changed to definite by replacing the -ė with -a. For example:

dhomė njė dhomė dhoma the room

punė njė punė puna the work (job)

ditė njė ditė dita the day

natė njė natė nata the night



B. Singular feminine nouns with indefinite ending -e are changed to definite by dropping -e and taking -ja, for example:

shoqe njė shoqe shoqja the friend

fletore njė fletore fletorja the notebook

dėgjuese njė dėgjuese dėgjuesja the listener

shqiptare njė shqiptare shqiptarja the albanian (woman)

amerikane njė amerikane amerikanja the american (woman)



Exercise 3.

Change the following feminine indefinite nouns into the definite form:

Example: italiane njė italiane italianja

franceze angleze mesditė

mesnatė pamje gazetare

pėrkthyese mėsuese liri




3. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

The demonstrative pronouns ky (this - m. s.), kjo (this - f. s.), kėta (these - m. pl.), kėto (these - f. pl.) indicate persons or things that are nearby.

Ky ėshtė Marini (This is Marin, m.s.)

Kjo ėshtė Zana. (This is Zana, f. s.)

Kėta janė turistė. (These are tourists, m.pl.)

Kėto janė fjalė. (These are words, f. s.pl.)

To indicate definite persons or things the demonstrative pronouns ai (he), ajo (she), ata (they, m. pl.), ato (they, f. pl.) are used. They are the same as the personal pronouns ai, ajo, ata, ato:

Ai shoku (m., s.) That friend.

Ata mėsuesit (m., pl.).Those teachers.

Ajo vajza (f., pl.) That girl

Ato mėsueset(f. pl.) Those teachers

Sometimes the demonstrative pronouns are used with the adverbs kėtu (here) and atje (there):



Ky kėtu.(m.) - This one here Kjo kėtu.(f.) - This one here

Kėta kėtu (m) - These ones here Kėto kėtu.(f.) - These ones here

Ai atje (m.) - that one there Ajo atje (f.) - That one there

Often they are used with the nouns like adjectives, for example:

Ky student. This student,( m.s.)

Kjo studente This student,( f.s.)

Kėta (turistė). These tourists,( m. pl.)

Kėto (turiste). These tourists,( f. pl.)


Exercise 4.

Translate into English:

Kjo dhoma kėtu. Ajo vajza atje.

Kėta shokėt kėtu. Ato shoqet atje.

Kėto turistet kėtu. Ato turistet atje.

Ky pėrkthyesi kėtu. Ai gazetari atje.


Exercise 5.

Translate the following dialogue into English:

- Kush ėshtė ky shoku kėtu?

- Ky ėshtė Marin Drini. Ai ėshtė shqiptar. Ai ėshtė pėrkthyes.

- Po ai zotnia atje kush ėshtė?

- Ai ėshtė zoti Xhon Smith. Ai ėshtė amerikan. Ai ėshtė gazetar.

- Po ajo zonjusha atje kush ėshtė?

- Ajo zonjusha atje ėshtė Ana Graham. Ajo ėshtė amerikane. Ajo ėshtė turiste.



VOCABULARY:

ka zėnė vend - is settled, is staying

dhom/ė-a - room

dritar/e-ja - window

kam (ke, ka...) - to have (I have, you have, he has etc.)

shoh (ai sheh) - to look, to see

pamje - view

nuk kam (s’kam) - I do not have (I don’t have)

makin/ė-a - car

udhėtoj - to travel

nėpėr qytet - through the city

nė kėmbė - on foot

me autobus - by bus

banoj - to live

ndodhem - to be (I am)

me punė - on business

shok-u - friend

laps-i - pencil

fletor/e-ja - notebook

gom/ė-a - rubber

gazet/ė-a - newspaper

dit/ė-a - day

mesdit/ė-a - midday, noon

mesnat/ė-a - midnight

shoq/e-ja - friend (f)

dėgjues-i - listener

ky - this (m.s.)

kjo - this (f.s.)

kėto - these (f.pl.)

kėta - these (m. pl.)

kėtu - here

atje - there

www.cezarkurti.com


Postuar nga Isra datė 17 Nëntor 2005 - 08:17:

MĖSIMI I GJASHTĖ - LESSON 6



I. KLIMA E TIRANĖS - THE TIRANE CLIMATE


A .

Xh. Smithi: Unė ndodhem pėr herė tė parė nė Tiranė, por mund tė them se mė pėlqen klima e saj.

M. Drini: O, Tirana ka klimė tė mirė, tė butė. Tani nė verė, siē e ke vėnė re edhe vetė, megjithėse ditėt janė tė nxehta, mėngjeset dhe mbrėmjet janė tė freskėta.

Xh. Smithi: Po, nė mėngjes ajri ėshtė i freskėt, i tejdukshėm dhe plot dritė nga dielli mjaf i shėndritshėm. Nė mbrėmje qielli ėshtė veēanė-risht i bukur, ai ėshtė i zi nė blu dhe plot yje xixėllues. Mė pėlqejnė shumė mėngjeset dhe mbrėmjet e Tiranės. Po vjeshta si ėshtė?

M. Drini: Edhe vjeshta ėshtė e ngrohtė. Nė fund tė vjeshtės nisin shirat dhe ajri bėhet mjaft i lagėsht. Por nuk ėshtė aq ftohtė. As dimri nuk ėshtė i ftohtė. Vetėm ka lagėshtirė.

Xh. Smithi: Pranvera ėshtė e bukur, me siguri!

M. Drini: Pranvera ėshtė vėrtet e bukur. Por ajo ėshtė tepėr e shkurtėr. Pas shirave tė gjatė, natyra lulėzon vrullshėm, por menjėherė bėhet nxehtė dhe nis vera.

Xh. Smithi: Mua mė pėlqen klima e butė e Tiranės!



B. TRANSLATION

J. Smith: This is my first time in Tirane but I can say already that I like its climate.

M. Drini: Oh, yes, Tirane has a good, moderate climate. In summer time as you can see, the days are hot but the mornings and the evenings are cool.

J. Smith: You are right, the morning air is fresh, clear and full of light from the shinning sun. In the evening the sky in particular is beautiful, with its deep blue color filled with sparkling stars. I love mornings and evenings in Tirane. How is the fall here?

M. Drini: The fall is also warm. Towards the end of fall it begins to rain and the air becomes humid but it does not get very cold. The winter is not as cold either but there is humidity.

J. Smith: The spring is probably very nice, isn’t it?

M. Drini: The spring is very nice, indeed. But it is very short. After the long rains, nature flourishes quickly, then it gets hot and the summer begins.

J. Smith: I like the moderate climate of Tirane.



C. QUESTIONS - ANSWERS

- Ēfarė klime ka Tirana?

What kind of climate does Tirana have?

- Tirana ka klimė tė mirė, tė butė.

The climate in Tirana is nice and warm.

- Si janė ditėt nė verė?

How are the days in the summer?

- Nė verė ditėt janė tė nxehta.

The days are hot in the summer.

- Po mėngjeset dhe mbrėmjet si janė?

What about the mornings and evenings?

- Mėngjeset dhe mbrėmjet janė tė freskėta.

The mornings and the evenings are fresh and cool.

- Si ėshtė ajri nė mėngjes? How is the air in the morning?

- Nė mėngjes ajri ėshtė i freskėt, i tejdukshėm.

In the morning the air is fresh and clear.

- Si ėshtė qielli nė mbrėmje?

How does the sky look in the evening?

- Nė mbrėmje qielli ėshtė veēanėrisht i bukur, i zi nė blu dhe plot yje xixėllues.

In the evening the sky is particularly beautiful, with its deep blue color and it is full of sparkling stars.

- Tė pėlqen klima e Tiranės?

Do you like the climate of Tirana?

- Po, mė pėlqen shumė. Yes, I like it very much.





II. GRAMMAR


1 THE PLURAL OF THE INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE NOUNS


The plural of the masculine indefinite nouns is formed by adding -ė or -e to the singular: njė shqiptar - disa shqiptarė, njė amerikan - disa amerikanė, njė mėngjes - disa mėngjese.

The same endings -ė or -e are used to form the plural of the feminine indefinite nouns: njė ditė - disa ditė, njė amerikane - disa amerikane, njė lule - disa lule.

The plural of both masculine and feminine definite nouns is formed by adding -t to the indefinite nouns in plural: disa shokė - shokėt, disa amerikanė - amerikanėt, disa lule - lulet).

Here are more examples:

Indefinite form Definite form

Masculine

njė mėsim - disa mėsime mėsimi - mėsimet

njė shok - disa shokė shoku - shokėt

njė francez - disa francezė francezi - francezėt

njė fjalor - disa fjalorė fjalori - fjalorėt


Feminine

njė mbrėmje - disa mbrėmje mbrėmja - mbrėmjet

njė shoqe - disa shoqe shoqja - shoqet

njė shqiptare - disa shqiptare shqiptarja - shqiptaret

njė fjalė - disa fjalė fjala - fjalėt



Exercise 1.

Change the following nouns into the definite and indefinite plural forms.

Example: njė hotel - disa hotele hoteli - hotelet



njė anglez anglezi

njė krah krahu

njė gjerman gjermani

njė turist turisti

njė gazetar gazetari

njė dritare dritarja

njė dhomė dhoma

njė angleze anglezja

njė turiste turistja

njė lule lulja




2. THE ADJECTIVE

Used as a modifier, the adjective in Albanian is placed after the noun and agrees with it in gender and in number, for example:

njė mėngjes i ftohtė (m.s.)- disa mėngjese tė ftohta (m.pl.)- (a cold morning - (some) cold mornings); njė ditė e ftohtė (f.s.) - disa ditė tė ftohta (pl. f.) - (a cold day - (some) cold days). During the declension of the noun the adjective remains unchangeable.

Unlike in English, the adjectives in Albanian are usually accompanied by the connective article, which is determined by the gender and the number of the noun. The connective articles are: i, e, tė. The connective article i is used before the adjective with a singular masculine noun in indefinite or definite form, for example:

njė shok i mirė - shoku i mirė (a good friend - the good friend )

njė hotel i ri - hoteli i ri (a new hotel - the new hotel)

njė dimėr i ftohtė - dimri i ftohtė (a cold winter - the cold winter)

If it is a feminine noun in indefinite or definite form, the connective article e is used before the adjective, for example:

njė verė e nxehtė - vera e nxehtė (a hot summer - the hot summer)

njė ditė e bukur - dita e bukur (a nice day - the nice day)

njė dhomė e madhe - dhoma e madhe (a big room - the big room)

With plural nouns of either gender, the article tė is used for the indefinite and e for the definite form, for example:

disa shokė tė mirė - shokėt e mirė (some good friends - the good friends).

disa ditė tė bukura - ditėt e bukura (some nice days - the nice days)

Here are some more examples:


The indefinite form

Singular Plural

Masculine

njė gazetar i mirė (a good reporter) disa gazetarė tė mirė

njė mur i lartė (a high wall) disa mure tė lartė

njė vit i vėshtirė ( a hard year) disa vite tė vėshtirė


Feminine

njė shoqe e mirė (a good friend) disa shoqe tė mira

njė vajzė e re (a young girl) disa vajza tė reja

njė ditė e nxehtė ( a hot day) disa ditė tė nxehta



The definite form

Masculine

gazetari i mirė (the good reporter) gazetarėt e mirė

muri i lartė ( the high wall) muret e larta

viti i vėshtirė ( the hard year) vitet e vėshtira



Feminine

shoqja e mirė (the good friend) shoqet e mira

vajza e re (the young girl) vajzat e reja

dita e nxehtė (the hot day) ditėt e nxehta



A small group of adjectives (veror, dimėror, pranveror, interesant, historik etc.) are used without an article, for example:

njė ditė pranverore (a summer day)

dita pranverore ditėt pranverore

njė libėr interesant (an interesting book)

libri interesant librat interesantė

njė vend historik (a historic place)

vėndi historik vendet historike

With the linking verb jam adjectives are used to form the predicate (the predicate nominative), for example:

ditėt janė tė nxehta the days are hot

mėngjeset janė tė freskėta the mornings are fresh

ajri ėshtė i tejdukshėm the air is clear

qielli ėshtė i bukur the sky is nice (beautiful)


Exercise 2.

Translate into English:

Qyteti ėshtė i madh. Parku ėshtė i gjelbėr. Dimri ėshtė i ftohtė. Vera ėshtė e nxehtė. Pranvera ėshtė e bukur.



Exercise 3.

Change the following phrases into plural:

Example: njė mėsim i ri - disa mėsime tė reja - mėsimet e reja

njė qytet i ri (a new city) qyteti i ri

njė libėr i bukur (a nice book) libri i bukur

njė pritje e ngrohtė (an warm wellcome) pritja e ngrohtė

njė turist i huaj (a foreign tourist) turisti i huaj

njė dimėr i ftohtė (a cold winter) dimri i ftohtė

njė turiste e huaj (a foreign tourist) turistja e huaj

njė letėr e shkurtėr (a breaf letter) letra e shkurtėr

njė mbrėmje e freskėt (a fresh evening) mbrėmja e freskėt

njė vajzė e bukur (a nice girl) vajza e bukur

njė natė e nxehtė (a hot night) nata e nxehtė

njė dhomė e madhe (a big room) dhoma e madhe

njė godinė e lartė (a high building) godina e lartė



VOCABULARY:

klim/ė-a - climate

ndodhem pėr herė tė parė - This is my first time I...

shoh - to see

se - that

e saj - hers

i(e) mirė - good

i(e) butė - moderate

nė verė - in the summer

siē e ke vėnė re edhe vetė - as you have noticed yourself

megjithėse - although

i(e) nxehtė - hot

i(e) freskėt - fresh, cool

i(e) ngrohtė - warm

ajėr-ajri - air

i tejdukshėm (m) - clear, transparent

e tejdukshme (f) - clear, transparent

plot dritė - full of light

mbrėmj/e-a - evening

veēanėrisht - particularly

i(e) bukur - beautiful

i zi nė blu - deep blue

qiell-i - the sky

diell-i - the sun

vjeshtė-a - fall, autumn

dimėr - dimri - the winter

pranverė-a - the spring

nė fund tė vjeshtės - at the end of fall

shi-u (pl. def. shirat) - the rain

nisin shirat - begins to rain

i(e) lagėsht - humid

lagėshtir/ė-a - humidity

i(e) ftohtė - cool

vėrtet - really, indeed

i(e) gjatė - long

i(e) vogėl - small

i(e) shkurtėr - short

lulėzon - flourish

vrullshėm - vigorously

natyrė-a - nature

menjėherė - immediately, abruptly, suddenly

bėhet nxehtė - becomes hot

nis vera - the summer begins

i shndritshėm (m.) - shiny, splendid

e shndritshme (f.) - shiny, splendid

xixėllues - sparkling

yll - star

nuk ėshtė aq - it is not as

me siguri - surely

fjal/ė-a - word

punė-a - work

lule-ja - flower

vajzė-a - girl

i madh (e madhe) - big

i(e) huaj (noun)- foreigner,

i(e huaj (adject.)- foreign, extraneous, alien


www.cezarkurti.com


Postuar nga Isra datė 23 Nëntor 2005 - 13:08:

MĖSIMI I SHTATĖ - LESSON 7


I. DITĖT E JAVĖS DHE MUAJT

WEEKDAYS AND MONTHS





A.

Xh. Smithi: Mund tė mė thoni, ju lutem, si quhen ditėt e javės shqip?

M. Drini: Me kėnaqėsi. Dita e parė quhet e hėnė, dita e dytė - e martė, e treta - e mėrkurė, e katėrta - e enjte, e pesta - e premte, e gjashta - e shtunė dhe dita e shtatė - e diel. Dita e diel ėshtė ditė pushimi, ndėrsa tė tjerat janė ditė pune. Dėshironi tė dini si quhen muajt?

Xh. Smithi: Natyrisht!

M. Drini: Muaji i parė quhet janar, i dyti - shkurt, i treti - mars, i katėrti - prill, i pesti - maj, i gjashti - qershor, i shtati - korrik, i teti - gusht, i nėnti - shtator, i dhjeti - tetor, i njėmbėdhjeti - nėntor dhe muaji i dymbėdhjetė - dhjetor.

Xh. Smithi: Ju falemnderit! A mund t’i pėrsėris?

M. Drini: Posi jo!

John Smith repeats the names of the weekdays and the months in Albanian.

M. Drini: Ju lumtė! Shumė mirė!



B. TRANSLATION:

J. Smith: Please, can you tell me what are the names of the weekdays in Albanian?

M. Drini: With pleasure. We call the first day e hėnė, the second - e martė, the third - e mėrkurė, the fourth - e enjte, the fifth - e premte, the sixth - e shtunė and the seventh day - e diel. Sunday is a holiday and the others are working days. Do you want to know the names of the months in Albanian?

J. Smith: Yes, of course!

M. Drini: The first month is called janar, the second - shkurt, the third - mars, the fourth - prill, the fifth - maj, the sixth - qershor, the seventh - korrik, the eighth - gusht, the ninth - shtator, the tenth - tetor, the eleventh - nėntor and the twelfth - dhjetor.

J. Smith: Thank you. May I repeat them?

M. Drini: Why not!

John Smith repeats the names of the weekdays and the months in Albanian.

M. Drini: Bravo! Very good!




C. QUESTION AND ANSWER

M. Drini: Ēfarė muaji ėshtė tani? What month is this now?

Xh. Smithi: Tani ėshtė muaji korrik. This is July.

M. Drini: Ēfarė date ėshtė sot? What is today’s date?

Xh. Smithi: Sot ėshtė 20 korrik l994. Today is July 20, l994.

M. Drini: Ēfarė dite ėshtė sot? What day is today?

Xh. Smithi: Sot ėshtė e shtunė. Today is Saturday.

M. Drini: Ēfarė ditė ėshtė nesėr? What day is tomorrow?

Xh. Smithi: Nesėr ėshtė e diel. Tomorrow is Sunday.

M. Drini: Ēfarė dite ishte dje? What day was yesterday?

Xh. Smithi: Dje ishte e premte. Yesterday was Friday

M. Drini: Shumė mirė! Shkėlqyeshėm! That's great. That's wonderful.



II. GRAMMAR


A. .THE ORDINAL NUMERALS


The indefinite singular ordinal numerals are formed from the respective cardinal numerals, with the exception of the numeral i parė, by adding the connective article i (for the masculine) or e (for the feminine): gjashtė - i gjashtė, e gjashtė. The ending -tė is added, if the cardinal numeral doesn’t end with-tė: dy - i dytė, e dytė.

i parė - e parė (numri i parė, rruga e parė) - first

i dytė - e dytė second

i tretė - e tretė third

i katėrt - e katėrt fourth

i pestė - e pestė fifth

i gjashtė - e gjashtė sixth

i shtatė - e shtatė seventh

i tetė - e tetė eighth

i nėntė - e nėntė ninth

i dhjetė - e dhjetė tenth

i njėmbėdhjetė - e njėmbėdhjetė eleventh

i dymbėdhjetė - e dymbėdhjetė twelfth

i trembėdhjetė - e trembėdhjetė thirteenth

i njėzet - e njėzet twentieth

i njėzetenjėtė - e njėzetenjėtė twenty first

i njėzetedytė - e njėzetedytė twenty second

i tridhjetė - e tridhjetė thirtieth

i dyzetė - e dyzetė fourtieth

i pesėdhjetė - e pesėdhjetė fiftieth

i gjashtėdhjetė - e gjashtėdhjetė sixtieth

i njėqintė - e njėqintė hundredth

i njėmijtė - e njėmijtė thousandth



The definite form of ordinal numerals is formed by replacing -ė with the -i at the end of the word for the masculine, or with the -a for feminine:

Masculine: i pari, i dyti, i treti, i katėrti, i pesti etj.

Feminine: e para, e dyta, e treta, e katėrta, e pesta etj.

If the ordinal numeral qualifies a noun or is the subject of a sentence, then it is used in the definite form: Example:

Dita e parė quhet e hėnė, e dyta - e martė, e treta - e mėrkurė.

The first day is Monday, the second - Tuesday, the third - Wednesday.

Muaji i parė ėshtė janari, i dyti - shkurti, i treti - marsi.

The first month is January, the second - February, the third - March.

The ordinal numerals like adjectives agree with the noun in gender, in number and in case.





Exercise 1.

Continue counting:

mėsimi i parė, mėsimi i dytė, mėsimi i ...

java e parė, java e dytė, java e tretė ....



III. TELLING THE DAY OR THE DATE

To indicate what day or date it is in Albanian these expressions are used:

- Ēfarė dite ėshtė sot? What day is today?

- Sot ėshtė e hėnė. Today is Monday.

- Ēfarė dite ishte dje? What day was yesterday?

- Dje ishte e diel. Yesterday was Sunday.

- Ēfarė dite ėshtė nesėr? What day is tomorrow?

- Nėsėr ėshtė e martė. Tomorrow is Tuesday.

- Ē’muaj ėshtė tani? What month is it now?

- Tani ėshtė gusht. Now it is August.

- Ēfarė date ėshtė sot? What is today’s date?

- Sot ėshtė 20 gusht l99... Today is August 20, l99...

- Ēfarė date ishte dje? What was yesterday’s date?

- Dje ishte 20 gusht l99... Yesterday was August 20, l99...

- Ēfarė date ėshtė nesėr. What is the date tomorrow

- Nesėr ėshtė 21 gusht l99... Tomorrow is August 21, l99...



Note: Often in the spoken language the short form ē’ is used for the interrogative pronoun ēfarė (ēfarė dite - ē’ditė, ēfarė muaji - ē’muaj), for example:



Sot ėshtė e premte. Today is Friday.

Ē’ditė ėshtė sot? What day is today?

Sot ėshtė 5 gusht l99.... Today is August 5, 199...

Ē’datė ėshtė sot?What is today’s date?



Exercise 2.

Answer the following questions:

- Ē’ditė ėshtė sot? - Ē’datė ėshtė sot? -

- Ē’ditė ishte dje? - Ē’datė ishte dje?-

- Ē’ditė ėshtė nesėr? - Ē’datė ėshtė nesėr?



VOCABULARY:

Mund tė mė thoni, ju lutem...? - Please, can you tell me...?

Si quhen ?- What are the names, how do you call ?

ditė-a - day

javė-a - week

me kėnaqėsi - with pleasure

e hėnė - Monday

e martė - Tuesday

e mėrkurė - Wednesday

e enjte - Thursday

e premte - Friday

e shtunė - Saturday

e diel - Sunday

muaj-i - month

vit-i - year

sot - today

nesėr - tomorrow

dje - yesterday

ditė pushimi - holiday, non-working day

ditė pune - work day

Dėshironi tė dini? - Do you wish to know?

i kaluar - last

i ardhshėm - future, next

www.cezarkurti.com


Postuar nga Isra datė 01 Dhjetor 2005 - 11:10:

MĖSIMI I TETĖ - LESSON 8





I. XHON SMITHI MĖSON SHQIP

JOHN SMITH LEARNS ALBANIAN



A.

Zana: Tungjatjeta, Marin!

Marini: Tungjatjeta, Zana!

Zana: Ēfarė po bėni ju kėtu?

Marini: Ja, po pres Xhonin

Zana: Pse, ku ėshtė zoti Xhon?

Marini: Ai ėshtė nė dhomė. Po shkruan njė letėr..

Zana: Si shkon mėsimi i gjuhės shqipe?

Marini: Xhoni ėshtė entuziast. Atij i pėlqen gjuha shqipe dhe mėson shumė mirė.

Zana: Ju, me siguri, e ndihmoni shumė?

Marini: Unė e ndihmoj ēdo ditė. Megjithėse ka vetėm njė javė qė jeton nė Shqipėri, ai kupton tani shumė fjalė, fjali e shprehje nė gjuhėn shqipe. Fjalėt ose shprehjet qė dėgjon i shkruan dhe i mėson pėrmendėsh. Pastaj i pėrsėrit me mua. Ai punon sistematikisht dhe lexon e dėgjon shumė. Ka dhe njė fjalor tė vogėl, ku shkruan fjalėt dhe shprehjet e reja.

Zana: Sa mirė! I bėni tė fala nga ana ime. Mirupafshim, Marin!

Marini: Mirupafshim, Zana! .



B. TRANSLATION

Zana: Hello, Marin.

Marin:Hello, Zana.

Zana:What are you doing here?

Marin: I am waiting for John.

Zana: Why, where is John?

Marin: He is in his room. He is writing a letter.

Zana: How are the Albanian lessons going?

Marin: John is enthusiastic. He likes the Albanian language and is doing very well.

Zana: You are probably a great help to him.

.Marin: I try to help him every day. Although he has only been living in Albania for a month, he has learned many Albanian words, sentences and expressions. The words or the expressions that he hears, he writes down and learns them by heart. Then he repeats them with me. He works systematically and is a very attentive listener. He has a little dictionary, where he writes down the new words and expressions.

Zana: How nice. Give him please my regards. Good bye, Marin.

Marin: Good bye, Zana



C. QUESTIONS - ANSWERS:

- Ku ėshtė Xhoni? Where is John?

- Ai ėshtė nė dhomė. He is in his room.

- Ēfarė po bėn? What is he doing?

- Ai po shkruan njė letėr. He is writing a letter.

- Ēfarė i pėlqen atij? What does he like?

- Atij i pėlqen gjuha shqipe. He likes the Albanian language.

- Si mėson Xhoni? How does John study?

- Xhoni mėson shumė mirė. John studies very well.

- Ēfarė kupton ai tani? What does he understand now?

- O, tani ai kupton shumė fjalė, fjali dhe shprehje shqip. Now he understands many words, sentences and expressions in Albanian.

- Si punon ai? How does he work?

- Ai punon sistematikisht, lexon dhe dėgjon shumė. He works systematically, reads and is very attentive.





II. GRAMMAR

A. CLASSES OF THE VERB


Like in English, verbs in Albanian may be transitive or intransitive, of active or passive voice. The intransitive verbs (including reflexive verbs) are called in albanian grammar non-active.

There are 7 moods recognized in Albanian grammar: Indicative, Subjunctive, Conditional, Imperative, Optative and Admirative (in English there are 3 - Indicative, Subjunctive and Imperative). The most used are Indicative, Subjunctive and Imperative.

Verbs are conjugated in six tenses: Present, Imperfect, Future, Aorist (Past), Present Perfect, Past Perfect (Pluperfect). Only Indicative mood has all six tenses. The Imperative has only the Present.

Verbs in Albanian do not have infinitive. There is a form, so called Paskajore (translated as infinitive), that assumes many functions of the infinitive. Besides this, albanian verbs have the Participle and the Gerund.

Verbs are listed in the vocabulary in the present first person singular of the indicative: unė punoj (Iwork) - punoj (to work). For example, punoj (to work), shkruaj (to write), shkoj (to go), ndihmoj (to help), pres (to wait), pėrsėris (to repeat), mėsoj (to learn) etc.





B. THE CONJUGATIONS OF THE VERB.

All the verbs in the Albanian language are divided into two main types of conjugations.

The verbs bė-j (to do), shkrua-j (to write), kupto-j (to understand), mėso-j (to learn), dėgjo-j (to hear), puno-j (to work), ndihmo-j (to help) that we encountered in the previous text, belong to the first type of conjugation. Their stem ends in vowel and in the first person of present indicative they take the ending -j.

The verbs pres (to wait) and pėrsėris (to repeat), that we have encountered in the text, belong to the second type of conjugation. Their stem ends in consonant and in the first person of present indicative they do not take any ending.





C. THE PRESENT OF THE INDICATIVE

In the present of the indicative the verbs of the first type are conjugated as follows:



bėj shkruaj ndihmoj

(to do) (to write ) (to help)

Singular

unė bė-j shkrua-j ndihmo-j

ti bė-n shkrua-n ndihmo-n

ai bė-n shkrua-n ndihmo-n

ajo bė-n shkrua-n ndihmo-n

Plural

ne bė-jmė shkrua-jmė ndihmo-jmė

ju bė-ni shkrua-ni ndihmo-ni

ata bė-jnė shkrua-jnė ndihmo-jnė

ato bė-jnė shkrua-jnė ndihmo-jnė

The first person takes-j, the second and third person singular and plural take: -n, -n, -jmė, -ni, -jnė.. Albanian verb does not have a neuter gender.

Often with theverb in the present indicative the particle po is used, indicating that the action is occurring at that particular moment, before the eyes of the speaker (the continuous present tense in English). For example:

- Ēfarė po bėn Zana? What are you doing, Zana?

- Po shkruaj njė letėr. Po ti, Marin, nuk ke me ēfarė tė merresh? I am writing a letter. And what about you Marin, don’t you have anything to do?

- Jo, nuk kam me ēfarė tė merrem. No, I have nothing to do.

- Ku po shkon? Where are you going?

- Po shkoj nė teatėr. I am going to the theater.



Since the verbs jam (to be) and kam (to have) play an important role in the formation of the different verbal forms, it is important to remember their conjugation:



Jam Kam

unė jam unė kam

ti je ti ke

ai (ajo) ėshtė ai (ajo) ka

ne jemi ne kemi

ju jeni ju keni

ata (ato) janė ata (ato) kanė



Exercise 1

Translate into Albanian:



- What are you doing, Anna?

- I am helping Marin to study English.

-Where are you going now, Zana?

- I am going to my room.



Exercise 2.



Add the appropriate endings of the Present indicative to the stem of the Albanian verbs punoj to work), jetoj (to live), lexoj (to read)

unė puno- jeto- lexo-

ti puno- jeto- lexo-

ai puno- jeto- lexo-

ajo puno- jeto- lexo-

ne puno- jeto- lexo-

ju puno- jeto- lexo-

ata puno- jeto- lexo-

ato puno- jeto- lexo-



Exercise 3

Change the verbs according to the person:

A. Unė lexoj njė libėr (I read a book), ti ... njė libėr (You read a book) etc.

B. Unė kuptoj mirė shqip (I understand Albanian well), ti ...mirė shqip (You understand Albanian well) etc.





THE NEGATIVE

A sentence is made negativeby placing adverb nuk (s’) before the verb, for example:

Unė punoj. I work

Unė nuk punoj. Unė s’punoj I do not work.



D. Interrogative sentences are formed with the help of verb bėj (to do) and the interrogative pronoun ēfarė? (what?). For example:



Unė punoj - Ēfarė bėj unė? I work? What do I do?

Ti punon - Ēfarė bėn ti? You work. What do you do?

Ai punon - Ēfarė bėn ai? He works. What does he do?-

Ajo punon - Ēfarė bėn ajo? She works. What does she do?

Ne punojmė - Ēfarė bėjmė ne? We work. What do we do?

Ju punoni - Ēfarė bėni ju? You work. What do you do?

Ata punojnė - Ēfarė bėjnė ata? They work. What do they do?

Ato punojnė - Ēfarė bėjnė ato? They work. What do they do?



The interrogative sentences may be formed also by placing the subject after the verb, for example:

Unė punoj. Punoj unė?

I work. Do I work?

Ti punon. Punon ti?

You work. Do you work?

Ai punon. Punon ai?

He works. Does he work? etc.

Exercise 4.

Put the questions to the following sentences:

Example: Unė lexoj njė libėr - Ēfarė bėj unė?



Ti mėson shqip -

Ai dėgjon mėsimin -

Ne mėsojmė anglisht -

Ju ndihmoni Xhonin -

Ata dėgjojnė shokun -

Ato lexojnė njė libėr -





Vocabulary

ēfarė po bėni - what you are doing?

pres - to wait

pse - why

ku ėshtė ai? - where is he?

shkruaj - to write

letėr - letter

entuziast - enthusiastic

mėsoj - to learn

ndihmoj - to help

e ndihmoj - I help him

ka vetėm njė javė qė jeton - he has been living here only one week

Shqipėri-ja - Albania

kuptoj - understand

fjali - sentence

shprehje - expression

dėgjoj - to hear, to listen

mėsoj pėrmendėsh - to learn by heart, to memorize

pėrsėris - to repeat

me mua - with me

sistematikisht - systematically

shumė mirė - very good

lexon shumė - he reads too much

i bėni tė fala - send my regards

www.cezarkurti.com


Postuar nga Isra datė 30 Dhjetor 2005 - 10:07:

-Si t’u drejtohemi njerėzve-

Addressing people

Tė njohurve:

Xhon, Suzan John, Susan xhan, su’zen

Zoti Smith Mr. Smith mis’tėr smith

Zonja Smith Mrs. Smith mis’is smith

Zonjusha Smith Ms. Smith mis smith

Zonja dhe zotėrinj Ladies and gentlemen le’dis end xhen’tėllmen


Tė panjohurve:

Zotėri Sir sėr

Zonjė Madam, Lady me’dėm, le’di

Zonjushė Miss, young lady mis, jang ledi


Doktor Doctor dak’tėr

Hamall Porter por’tėr

Infermiere Nurse nėrs

Kamarier(e) Waiter uej’tėr

Polic Officer a’fisėr

Shofer Driver draj’vėr

Centraliste Operator apėrej’tėr

Fillim letre -Opening of letter

I dashuri Xhon Dear John dir xhan

E dashura Suzanė Dear Susan dir su’zen

Mik i shtrenjtė Dear Friend dir frend

I dashuri z. Smith Dear Mr. Smith dir mis’tėr Smith

E dashura znj. Smith Dear Mrs. Smith dir mis’is Smith

E nderuara zonjė Dear madam dir me’dėm

I nderuari zotėri Dear Sir dir sėr


Fund letre - Closing of letter

tė falat e mia my regards maj rigards’

tė falat mė tė ngrohta warmest regards uor’mest rigards’

urimet mė tė mira best wishes best uishis

i juaji sinqerisht sincerely yours sin’sėrlli jaurs

faithfully yours feithfu’lli jaurs

www.cezarkurti.com


Postuar nga Isra datė 30 Dhjetor 2005 - 10:14:

Fjalė dhe shprehje tė jetės sė pėrditshme

words and phrases of dayly life



Jeta e pėrditshme - The daily life



Objekte - Articles

aparat fotografik - camera

bllok shėnimesh- notebook

brisk rroje - razor

cigare cigarette -

ēadėr - umbrella

ēakmak - lighter

ēantė dore - handbag

ēelės - key

diksioner turisti - tourist dictionary

doreza - gloves

furēė - brush

furēė dhėmbėsh - toothbrush

guidė turistike- tourist guide
hartė - map

hartė e qytetit - map of the town

mushama - mackintosh

kartėvizitė - visiting card

krehėr - comb

kuti cigaresh - cigarette case

lapės - pencil
mbajtėse ēelėsash - keyholder
ndėrresa personale - personal underwear

pardesy - coat
pasaportė passport
pizhama pajama
peshqir towel
sapun soap
sfungjer sponge

shami hundėsh handkerchief
shkrepse matches
stilograf pen
syze spectacles
valixhe dore suitcase
valixhe udhėtimi travelling bag


Veprime - Actions

arrij to arrive

bėj dush to take a shower
bėj njė shėtitje to take a walk
bėj njė tė mirė (favor) to do a favor
bėj vizitė to pay a visit
bie nė shtrat to go to bed

bie tė fle to go to sleep

blej to buy

dal jashtė to go out
dal pėr shėtitje to go out for a walk
eci nė kėmbė to walk
flas to speak

flej- to sleep
ha - to eat
hap ēadrėn - to open the umbrella
www.cezarkurti.com


Postuar nga Isra datė 27 Janar 2006 - 09:42:

Pershėndetje darke!

What about your albanian?
..any progress?:p


Postuar nga darke datė 13 Prill 2006 - 22:26:

Thumbs up pune te mbare isra!

Citim:
Po citoj ato qė tha Isra
Pershėndetje darke!

What about your albanian?
..any progress?:p


slowly, slowly:p ...too much vocabulary!!! Anyway you continue with your lessons; you are doing a great job! Faleminderit!

Mirupafshim:p


Postuar nga Isra datė 17 Maj 2006 - 11:34:

Unit Nine

OK, let's go on with new lessons..


I / SITUATIONS

konstruktoj construct, make

kompjuter computer

sillet behaves

si ashtu how's that, how come

sa herė whenever

fajėsoj blame


A: E kam konstruktuar njė kompjuter qė sillet pothuaj si njeri.
B: Si ashtu?
A: Sa herė bėn ndonjė gabim, e fajėson kompjuterin tjetėr.


heq take off, take away

gjips plaster, gypsum, cast

duart hands

kurrė never


A: Shok mjek, kur tė ma hiqni gjipsin nga duart, a do tė mund tė luaj nė piano?
B: Sigurisht.
A: Shumė mirė. Mė parė kurrė s'kam mundur tė luaj nė piano.




Babai: Ēka ke mėsuar sot, Luli?
Luli: Sot mėsova tė shkruaj.
Babai: O, shumė mirė. Ēka shkrove?
Luli: Nuk di. Ende nuk kam mėsuar tė lexoj.



kanal channel

televisor television set



A: Ku ėshtė Kanali Anglez?
B: Nuk di, nuk na e zė televizori.


duke + participle indicates progressive tense

mbrapsht upside down

po si jo of course

lehtė easy

A: A e di se je duke e lexuar gazetėn mbrapsht?
B: E di, po si jo. Mos po mendon se ėshtė lehtė.


II /GRAMMATICAL PATTERNS

The Simple Past of Non-active Verbs

The difference between the Simple Past for active and non-active verbs can be seen by studying the forms of the verb laj (wash) and lahem (get washed/be washed) given below.


laj - active lahem - non-active

lava lamė u lava u lamė

lave latė u lave u latė

lau lanė u la u lanė

It can be noticed that the endings are the same for the non-active forms as for the active forms, except for the third person singular which has no ending. All non-active forms are preceded by the so-called non-active clitic u. As the meaning of the non-active covers the passive and the reflexive, the above verb u lava can mean I was washed as well as I washed myself. Below the third person singular of the non-active forms for a number of verbs corresponding to the groups given in the previous unit is shown:

punoi
u punua
worked / was worked

gjeti
u gjet
found / was found

bleu
u ble
bought / was bought

shkroi
u shkrua
wrote / was written

foli
u fol
spoke / was spoken


mori
u mor
took / was taken

zgjodhi
u zgjodh
chose / was chosen

Knowing the participle of the verb helps you to guess the form of the Simple Past more easily.

The Plural of Nouns

The plural of nouns in Albanian, like in many other languages, is rather complicated. Here are some characteristic endings:



fshatar
fshatarė
villager

-nj

bari
barinj
shepherd

-enj

lumė
lumenj
river

-inj

shkop
shkopinj
stick

-llarė
baba
baballarė
father


-rė

bri
brirė
horn

-ėr

prind
prindėr
parent

-a
vajzė
vajza
girl

-e

kujtim
kujtime
memory

-ra

gjė
gjėra
thing

-
shtėpi
shtėpi
house

Note that some masculine singular nouns take the ending -e and in this case become feminine in the plural, like kujtim.

The ending -a is selected by both feminine and masculine nouns. This ending does not always affect the gender of the noun. The rest of the endings given above are all masculine. There are nouns that form the plural by undergoing changes in their stem. Some of them form little groups which makes remembering them a little easier. Such are:

Singular Plural
fik fiq fig
mik
miq
friend
armik
armiq
enemy


zog
zogj
bird

portokall
portokaj
orange

shekull
shekuj
century

buall
buaj
waterbuffalo bull


bir
by
son

lepur
lepuj
hare; rabbit


Some other nouns, as well as changing within the stem also take a plural ending, such as:

Singular Plural
rrezik rreziqe danger
lėng lėngje juice
breg brigje hill

Here are some irregular plurals:

Singular Plural
dorė
duar
hand

derė
dyer
door

grua
gra
woman

djalė
djem
boy

dash
desh
ram

thes
thasė
sack

kalė
kuaj
horse

ka
qe
ox

rreth
rrathė
circle


From now on the plural will be given with each new noun in the vocabulary and the best thing to do is to learn it as you learn each new word.


III /READING PASSAGE
NĖ PIKNIK


Dje, tė rinjtė dhe tė rejat nga Anglia, bashkė me disa shokė e shoqe nga Prishtina, e kaluan njė ditė nė piknik. Herėt nė mėngjes u takuan para hotelit.

Nė orėn tetė u nisėn pėr nė Deēan. Deēani ėshtė njė qytezė rreth pesėmbėdhjetė kilometra larg Pejės. Aty studentėt hėngrėn drekė pasi qė e vizituan Deēan. Pas drekės ata shėtitėn nėpėr malin me drunj tė lartė dhe buzė lumit. Pas njė shėtitjeje bukur tė gjatė shumica u ndien tė lodhur, veēanėrisht Nora. Pastaj tė gjithė zbritėn buzė lumit, gjetėn njė vend tė pėrshtatshėm dhe u ulėn pėr tė pushuar. Pushuan aty disa orė duke dėgjuar muzikė, duke biseduar, duke treguar shaka. Me vete patėn lėngje pemėsh dhe pije tė tjera. Disa prej tyre patėn aparate fotografike dhe bėnė shumė fotografi tė bukura. Moti qe i bukur, me diell. Tė gjithė u kėnaqėn.

Rreth orės pesė pasdite u nisėn pėr nė Prishtinė. Nė Prishtinė arritėn rreth orės shtatė.

Vocabulary

piknik, -ė picnic
tė rinjtė the young (masc. pl.)
tė rejat the young (fem, pl.)
kaloj pass, spend (time)
nis start
pėr nė for, to
qytezė, -a little town
rreth around
kilometėr, -ra kilometer
aty there
pak mė lart a little higher up
midis among
pishė, -a pine tree
lartė high, tall
pas after
dru, druri, drunj tree
buzė lumit by the river
shėtitje, - (a) walk
gjatė long
shumica most (of them)
ndihem feel
veēanėnsht especially
zbres get down, descend
i pėrshtatshėm suitable (masc.)
e pėrshtatshme suitable (fem.)
duke dėgjuar listening
duke treguar telling
shka, -ja, - joke
lėng pemėsh fruit juice
pije, - drink
aparate fotografike cameras
me diell sunny
kėnaqem enjoy
pasdite afternoon
www.cezarkurti.com


Postuar nga Isra datė 17 Maj 2006 - 11:41:

IV/EXERCISES

(1) Answer the following questions on the reading passage:


Ēka bėnė dje tė rinjtė dhe tė rejat nga Anglia?
__________________________

Me kė shkuan nė piknik?
___________________________

Ku shkuan nė piknik?
__________________________

Ku ėshtė Deēani?
___________________________

Ēka ka nė Deēan?
_____________________________

Po pasi qė hėngrėn drekė?
_________________________________

A u ndien tė lodhur pas shėtisė?
__________________________________

Kush qe veēanėrisht e lodhur?
__________________________________

Ku shkuan pastaj?
___________________________________

Kur u nisėn pėr nė Prishtinė?
________________________________

Kur arritėn nė Prishtinė?
___________________________________


(2) Put the object noun in the plural:

Example: E dua shokun.
I dua shokėt.

E pashė njė student.
_____________

E takova shoqen.
_____________

Bleva njė libėr.
_______________

Mora njė letėr.
_________________

Hėngra njė mollė. Bleva njė gazetė.
.................................................
Vizitova njė fshat.
................................................
E kuptova mėsimin (lesson).
.................................................

Bisedova me njė djalė.
............................................


(3) Change the following sentences using the dative case instead of the accusative:

Example: Po flas me shokun.
Po i flas shokut.

Po flas me Norėn.
........................

Po flas me ty.
....................................

Po flas me disa shokė.
.....................................

Po flas me ty e me Denisin.
...........................................
Po flas me motrat.
...........................

Po flas me vėllanė.
...........................................
Po flas me nėnėn.
..................................
Po flas me Merin shqip.
.....................................
Drita po flet me Norėn anglisht.
............................................
Nora po flet me Dritėn shqip.
.................................

(4) Put the noun in brackets in the right case:

Example: Pushojmė buzė (lumė).
Pushojmė buzė lumit.


Po shkojmė te (Rasim).

Erdha nga (Prizren).

Nora ėshtė nga (Lender).

Ky libėr ėshtė (Zanė).

Ia dhashė gazetėn (Riēard).

U nisėn pėr nė (Deēan).

E mora librin prej njė (shok).

U shkrova nje letėr (prindėr).

I telefonova (motėr).

E mora njė kartolinė prej njė (studente).

(5) Make sentences following the pattern in the example:

Example: Bardhi - kafe, ēaj
Bardhi e do kafenė, por mė shumė i pėlqen ēaji.

Ata - skijim (skiing), not (swimming)
.
Unė - futboll, basketboll
.
Beti - qytet, fshat
.
Ai - shi (rain), dėborė (snow)
.
Marku - film, teater
.
Riēardi - punė, pushim
.
Rasimi - televizion, radio
.
Meri - Lendėr, Oksford
.
Ti - pemė (pl.), perime
.
Ajo - mollė (pl.), portokaj

www.cezarkurti.com


Postuar nga Isra datė 29 Qershor 2006 - 11:32:

Unit Ten

I/SITUATIONS AND PROVERBS


koprrac, =ė miser (man)
nga njė gotė=a glass each
tavolinė =table
pranė= beside; by
sharmante = charming (fem.)
liker= liqueur
thėrras =invite, call
edhe pak =a little while
mu = just
kam ndėrmend =intend, have in mind

Dy koprracė po e pinin nga njė gotė nė njė kafene. Nė tavolinėn pranė tyre dy shoqe sharmante po pinin kafe e liker.
- A t'i thėrrasim nė tavolinėn tone? - pyeti njėri.
- Mė mirė tė presim edhe pak - tha tjetri. Mu tash e kanė ndėrmend tė paguajnė.


pėrgjigjem =answer
thirrje= call
ishte= was
bukuroshe, - = beauty (fem.)
pėrtej across,= over
desha =imperf. of want
gjithēka =everything
fik= put out

Derisa burri po shikonte nė dritare, gruaja iu pėrgjigj thirrjes nė telefon.
- Kush ishte - pyeti burri.
- Bukuroshja e shtėpisė pėrtej rrugės.
- Ē'deshi nė kėtė kohė?
- Pyeti a shikove gjithēka dhe a mund ta fikė dritėn tash.


hap =open
pus, -e well (fem, in pl.)
(i) ri new
pėshtyj spit
i vjetri the old one (masc.)

-Nėse hap pus tė ri, mos pėshtyj nė te vjetrin.-
(If you dig a new well, don't spit in the old one.)



II / GRAMMATICAL PATTERNS
The Imperfect

This tense corresponds to the English 'used to' construction and also to the Past Continuous Tense ('I was doing' etc.) Its characteristic endings are:

-ja -nim
-je -nit
-te/-nte/-ste -nin

For example: punoja punonim
punoje punonit
punonte punonin




Only the Imperfect of jam, kam and them differs a little from the rest of the verbs. Notice this difference:

jam kam them
isha ishim kisha kishim thosha thoshim
ishe ishit kishe kishit thoshe thoshit
ishte ishin kishte kishin thoshte thoshin

Notice that for those verbs that undergo a change in the second person plural of the Present Tense, this change is kept in the Imperfect for all persons, singular and plural. For example:

Present Imperfect
2nd pers. pl. 1st pers. sing.
heq:
hiqni
hiqja
take off, remove
blej:
blini
blija
buy
pjek:
piqni
piqja
bake
vras:
vritni
vritja
shoot
zė:
zini
zija
catch
bie:
bini
bija
bring, fall
dua:
doni
doja
want
djeg:
digjni
digjja
burn

Here are the endings for the Imperfect of non-active verbs:

-(h)esha -(h)eshim
-(h)eshe -(h)eshit
-(h)ej -(h)eshin

Compare the verb laj (wash) in active and non-active forms:

laja lanim lahesha laheshim
laje lanit laheshe laheshit
lante lanin lahej laheshin

The main use of this tense is to express the development of an action in the past without referring to its beginning or termination.
To express the continuity of an action at a certain time in the past it can be used preceded by the particle po, e.g.:

po punoja I was working
po lahesha I was washing myself/being washed

It can also express an action which was either usual or repeated in the past, e.g.:

Atėherė shkoja shpesh nė teatėr. I often used to go to the theatre then.
Atėherė lahesha shpesh nė lumė. I often used to 'wash (myself) in the river then.

It is also used in indirect (reported) speech mainly to agree in tense with the main verb, e.g.:

Nora tha se nuk donte tė shkonte nė peshkim. Nora said that she did not want to go fishing.
Nora tha se donte tė lahej. Nora said she wanted to wash.

The Imperfect Subjunctive

Notice that the Imperfect Subjunctive is formed just by putting tė in front of the forms of the Imperfect, e.g.

punoj nisem
tė punoja tė punonim tė nisesha tė niseshim
tė punoje tė punonit tė niseshe tė niseshit
tė punonte tė punonin tė nisej tė niseshin

The Imperfect Subjunctive is often used to agree in tense either with the Simple Past or the Imperfect of the main verb in the sentence, e.g.:

Filloi tė punonte nė kopsht. He/she started to work (working) in the garden.
Filloi tė zhdukej nė errėsirė. He/she/it started to disappear (or disappearing) in the darkness.


III / READING PASSAGE

NĖNA E BRENGOSUR

Njė mbrėmje, Vjollca u brengos shume pėr birin e saj, Shkumbinin. Shkumbini rrallėherė del nė mbrėmje. Pothuaj kurrė nuk shkon nė kafene me shoke. Nuk pi alkohol, nuk pi cigare, ėshtė i pėrpiktė nė ēdo punė.

Vjollca kishte arsye tė brengosej. Kur u bė bukur vonė, ajo filloi t'u telefononte shokėve tė Shkumbinit. Tė gjithė shokėt e Shkumbinit i thane se nuk dinin gjė pėr tė. 'Diēka nuk ėshtė nė rregull.' mendoi ajo. 'Do ta qortoj kur tė vijė nė shtėpi,' tha me vete.

Ora ishte gati dymbėdhjetė kur cingėroi zilja e derės. Vjollca e hapi derėn. Ishte Shkumbini. Nė fytyrė i vėrehej njė ndjenjė faji. Kundėrmonte alkohol.
'Mos je i dehur, Shkumbin?' e pyeti Vjollca.
'Jo, nuk jam i dehur fare,' u pėrgjigj ai.
'Po tė vjen era alkohol,' i tha e ėma.
'E piva vetėm njė gotė me njė shok,' shtoi Shkumbini.
'Me cilin shok ishe? U telefonova tė gjithė shokėve tė tu. Ulu dhe mė trego ku ke qenė,' i tha ajo.
'Nė tė vėrtetė isha me njė shoqe,' tha Shkumbini turpshėm.
'S'ka asgjė tė keqe nė kėtė, biri i nenės, por ti kurrė nuk shkon nė kafene.'
'E di, nėnė, ėshtė dashur tė tė lajmėroj se do tė vonohem,' tha Shkumbini pa pritur ta mbarojė fjalėn e ėma.
'A s'do tė mė tregosh cila ėshtė ajo shoqe?' e pyeti e ėma.
'Do tė tė tregoj, nėnė, por jo tash. Ende ėshtė herėt. Ēdo gjė me kohė,' tha Shkumbini.
'Ani, biri im. Ti e di mė sė miri. Kur ta merr mendja se ėshtė koha, mund ta sjellėsh nė drekė. Do t'ju bėj njė drekė tė mirė,' i tha e ėma.
'Falemnderit, nėnė,' i tha Shkumbini nėnės sė tij tė zhbrengosur.

Vocabulary

i/e brengosur worried
brengosem (am) worried
bir, bij son
rrallėherė rarely
dal go out
alkohol alcohol
pi cigare smoke
i/e pėrpiktė punctual
arsye, - reason
u bė vonė it became late
filloj begin
nė rregull alright
qortoj scold
me vete to oneself
cingėroj ring
zile, - bell
fytyrė, -a face
vėrehem (am) noticed
ndjenjė, -a feeling
faj, -e guilt (fem, in pl.)
kundėrmoj smell
pyes ask
fare at all
erė, -ra scent, smell; wind
tė vjen era you smell (of)
e ėma his/her mother
shtoj add
nė tė vėrtetė actually
turpshėm shyly
s'ka asgjė tė keqe there's nothing wrong
ėshtė dashur tė . . . I should have . . .
lajmėroj inform, let know
vonohem (am) late
pa pritur without waiting
mbaroj finish
mbaroj fjalėn lit. finish the word
ēdo gjė me kohė everything at its own time
mė sė miri best
mendje, - mind
ma merr mendja I think
sjell bring
i/e zhbrengosur soothed


IV / EXERCISES
(1) Answer the following questions on the reading passage:


Pėr kė u brengos Vjollca njė mbrėmje?

A del Shkumbini shpesh?

A shkon ai shpesh nė kafene me shokė?

Ēfarė ėshtė Shkumbini?

Ē'bėri Vjollca kur u bė vonė?

Ē'i thanė shokėt e Shkumbinit?

Ē'tha ajo me vete?

Sa ishte ora kur erdhi Shkumbini nė shtėpi?

Ē'i vėrehej nė fytyrė Shkumbinit?

Me kė ishte Shkumbini nė kafene?

(2) Put the following sentences into indirect speech:

Example: Mos je i dehur?
Vjollca e pyeti Shkumbinin .............................
Vjollca e pyeti Shkumbinin mos ishte i dehur.

Nuk jam i dehur fare.
Shkumbin i tha Vjollcės se
Me cilin shok ishe?
Vjollca e pyeti Shkumbinin
Ulu dhe mė trego ku ke qenė.
Vjollca i tha Shkumbinit tė ulej dhe
Nė tė vėrtetė isha me njė shoqe.
Shkumbini i tha Vjollces se
Ti kurrė nuk shkon nė kafene.
Vjollca i tha Shkumbinit se
(3) Put the following sentences into indirect speech:

Example: Po e lexoj njė liber.
Tha se po e lexonte njė libėr.

Po mėsoj shqip.

Po u shkruaj prindėrve.

Po punoj nė kopsht.

Qeni po luan me macen.

Po e shikoj njė film nė televizion.

Po blej ca pemė e perime.

Po pi kafe me Rasimin.

Nora e Drita po hanė drekė.

Riēardi e Denisi po pushojnė.

Drita po bisedon me disa turistė.

(4) Complete the following sentences with the imperfect subjunctive:

Example: Filloi / shkruaj njė letėr
Filloi tė shkruante njė letėr.

Desha / blej njė liber

Shkuan / luaj futboll

U ulėm / pushoj nėn hije (in the shade)

Doli / blej gazetėn

Erdhėn / bisedoj me ne

U ulėn / ha darke

Filluan / analizoj (analyze) filmin

Deshėn / shpėtoj (rescue) shokun

Erdhėn / rri me mua

Me thane / marr ombrellėn (umbrella) me vete

(5) Translate the following sentences into Albanian:

When the bell rang I was dressing (vishem).

When the phone rang he was shaving (rruhem).

When Drita came Nora was washing.

When mother came Drita was combing her hair (krihem).

When Mary came Betty was resting (ēlodhem).

When we went out it was raining (bie shi).

When Liz came back Nora was sleeping (fle).

When Nora woke up (zgjohem) Liz was reading.

(6) Translate into Albanian:

Mark had to wash and get dressed quickly this morning. He had to go to Brighton today to visit a friend. When he got outside he saw that it was raining. He went back and took his umbrella. He then ran (vrapoj) to catch the train. When he arrived the train was still waiting. He didn't have time to buy his ticket but he knew that he could buy it on the train. When he arrived at Brighton, his friend was waiting for him at the station. They had a lot to tell each other (njėri-tjetrin) because the last (fundit) time they met was last (kaluar) June. Mark told his friend about his visit to Kosovo. They spent all day together. Mark returned home by train. When he arrived home around ten thirty it was still raining.

(7) Translate into English:
(From now on, translations into English will not be given in the Key.)

Dje, Rasimi e Marku shkuan e i morėn fotografitė qė i bėnė nė Deēan. Kur u kthyen te hoteli, i gjetėn shokėt dhe shoqet e tyre ulur pėrjashta. Ata po pinin kafe dhe po bisedonin. Marku e Rasimi u ulėn me ta. Marku i nxori fotografitė nga ēanta dhe filluan t'i shikonin. Kishte shumė fotografi. Tė gjitha ishin tė bukura. Fotografitė kalonin nga dora nė dorė. Nė njė fotografi shiheshin disa prej tyre duke pushuar pranė lumit. Nė njė tjetėr Meri e Beti po freskoheshin nė lumė. Nė shumė prej tyre shihej mali me pisha tė larta.
'Shikoni sa bukur ka dalė Nora kėtu!' tha njėri.
'Nuk po shihet se ėshtė e lodhur fare,' tha tjetri.
'Shikojeni kėtė,' tha njė tjeter. 'A nuk po shihet kėtu se Riēardi ka uri (hunger)?'
Tė gjithė qeshėn (laugh). Ata vazhduan (continue) t'i shikonin fotografitė, tė talleshin (joke) e tė qeshnin deri sa erdhi koha tė shkonin nė darkė.

www.cezarkurti.com


Postuar nga Genesis02 datė 29 Qershor 2006 - 18:55:

Pune te mire keni bere per kete, po ta dini qe gjuha s'mesohet nga forumet. Megjithate mire beni qe i shkruani se mbase do t'i hedhe ndonjeri ndonje sy. Kam nje pyetje: http://thatvideosite.com/view/141.html mund te shkoni tek ky link (eshte nje funny video).

code:
Pyetja ime qendron te muzika; kompozitori dhe titulli.

Faleminderit


Postuar nga Vjollica_ datė 30 Qershor 2006 - 06:52:

Gjuha shqipe mesohet nga gjithcka mundet, edhe nepermjet forumeve. Sidoqofte une kam mesuar sipas veshit, nuk e di asnje zakon te gramatikes, jam shume "ne plep" kur eshte fjala per nyjet dhe per vetat e foljeve, si dhe per trajtat e bashkuara te peremrave vetore... Gjithmone i gaboj!


Postuar nga Genesis02 datė 30 Qershor 2006 - 18:56:

Une kam bere Gjuhe Shqipe edhe ne shkollen e mesme dhe jam vertet i kenaqur per kete. Megjithese nuk isha ne shkolle per gjuhe te huaj, perdorem metoden qe perdornin ato shkolla. Ishte vertet e mire dhe e thjeshte per tu kuptuar. Ma pret mendja mund ta gjeni kudo dhe eshte mire t'i hidhni nje sy.
Respekte


Postuar nga Llokumi_NY datė 05 Shtator 2006 - 06:02:

Learn Albanian / Mesoni Shqip

Pershendetje.

Ketu mund te diskutojme persa i perket gjuhes shqipe per shqiptaret ne Diaspore.
Sa veshtiresi kemi me gramatiken shqipe, me te shkruarit...
Si do ja bejme te mesojme femijet,kusheriret etj. tone larg atdheut ?

Do you want to learn Albanian language.
For all English speaking students or Albanian speaking students who want to participate in Albanian language course please visit here:
www.learnalbanianlanguage.com

www.cezarkurti.com

Thank you


Postuar nga Llokumi_NY datė 05 Shtator 2006 - 15:31:

Learn Albanian

Pershendetje.

Ketu mund te diskutojme persa i perket gjuhes shqipe per shqiptaret ne Diaspore.
Sa veshtiresi kemi me gramatiken shqipe, me te shkruarit...
Si do ja bejme te mesojme femijet,kusheriret etj. tone larg atdheut ?

Do you want to learn Albanian language.
For all English speaking students or Albanian speaking students who want to participate in Albanian language course please visit here:
www.learnalbanianlanguage.com

Thank you




P.S
Nuk e paskan vene re qe tema ishe e hapur qe pare : ( lol
www.cezarkurti.com


Postuar nga Simona datė 20 Shtator 2006 - 13:12:

Te mesosh mbi gjuhen shqipe llokumi ka shume menyra te ndryshme ,libra ne biblioteke apo gjetke ku e di une ku mund te gjeje njeriu menyren ,apo ne online si thua ti por Isra e ka sjelle nje rruge te shkurter gati gati te gatshme per nje pjese te gjuhes shqipe per forumistat miqte virtuale ku kalojne kohen bashke dhe besoj se ka bere shume mire.Pershendetje.


Postuar nga darke datė 25 Shtator 2006 - 13:10:

Isra

A mund ta shkruani tjeter lesson i ri, ju lutem? :p

Faleminderit! ti je mesuese e mire :p


Postuar nga Isra datė 02 Tetor 2006 - 07:37:

darke

oh honey, recently, I have been a little lazy.

Anyway, I'll try to add some new lessons as soon as possible..

Hugs


Postuar nga tododsmentira datė 06 Tetor 2006 - 21:14:

adjective clitics

I know how much you hate those tricky Albanian adjective clitics, well the easiest way is to remember the exceptions. In most cases these clitics DO NOT change for gender or even for number; the default form is tė/sė. If you spot any mistakes please let me know - but I think I've got it right this time. Here goes;


FOR BOTH GENDERS, SING & PLURAL,

Acc*

Gen } tė
Dat
Abl



* Exception 1. - Definite Acc = e
Exception 2. - Feminine Gen/Dat/Abl = sė


Exception 3. FOR BOTH GENDERS:

PLURAL Definite Nominative = e


Exception 4: FOR DEFINITE & INDEFINITE, NOMINATIVE SINGULAR ONLY:


Masc = i
Fem = e


So that's it; for me this is an easier way of looking at it; start with tė, then look at the exceptions. I consider that only 'i' and 'sė' really mark gender. This also fits with all the possessive adjectives that are not 'split' i.e. i/e/tė/sė + tij/saj/tyre/mi/mia/tu/tua.

tė fala edhe paē fat!


Postuar nga belga datė 07 Tetor 2006 - 04:06:

Re: adjective clitics

[QUOTE]Po citoj ato qė tha tododsmentira
[B]I know how much you hate those tricky Albanian adjective clitics, well the easiest way is to remember the exceptions. In most cases these clitics DO NOT change for gender or even for number; the default form is tė/sė. If you spot any mistakes please let me know - but I think I've got it right this time. Here goes; T

po ketu moj tododsmentira behet fjale per gjuhen shqipe e ti shkruan anglisht;

gjuhen e huaj mund te ta shkruash tek tema "ghuhet e huaja" e jo te gjuha shqipe?....

pershendetje


Postuar nga tododsmentira datė 07 Tetor 2006 - 11:40:

Unhappy hutohem

mė falni - por nuk e dita si tė shkruaj i sipėrpėrmendur nė shqip - jam nxenės i gjuhes shqipe dhe ende nuk di shqip mjaft per tė shpjeguar gramatiken nė shqip!

nė fund tė fundit shkruaja pėr gjuhen shqipe, nuk pėr njė gjuhė tė huaja! pse mė duhet tė shkruaj nė tjeter tema?


Postuar nga Llokumi_NY datė 14 Tetor 2006 - 19:13:

Free lesson

Hi / pershendetje

Ketu keni nje mesim te shkurter per shkonjat e gjuhes shqipe.

The letters of the Albanian alphabet and their pronunciation. http://learnalbanianlanguage.com/History.aspx


Postuar nga smith datė 23 Tetor 2006 - 03:01:

Te nderuar Zoterinj te forumit Horizont,
I nderuar zoti Isra,

Ju pergezoj per punen shume te mire qe ben forumi juaj.
Ju falemnderit gjithashtu qe ne seksionin e gjuhes shqipe keni cituar shume materiale nga libri im "Learn Albanian" botuar nga "Legas". Ju mund te vazhdoni t'i afishoni keto materiale, por e mira eshte qe te zbatohet kerkesa e forumit tuaj per te mos kopjuar materialet, por per te krijuar lidhje me sajtin qe i permban, ne kete rast "www.cezarkurti.com". Perndryshe, ndodh qe cituesi i ketyre materialeve, ne kete rast ju zoti Isra, dilni te jeni autori i tyre dhe duhet t'u pergjigjeni edhe pyetjeve dhe verejtjeve per nje pune qe nuk eshte puna dhe pergjegjesia juaj.
Ju falemnderit per mirekuptimin.
Pres pergjigje lidhur me zbatimin e plote te rregullave te mbrojtjes se te drejtave te autoresise, te cilat ne rastin e dhene, per cdo mesim, kerkojne referimin e vendit nga jane marre dhe te autorit te tyre
Ju uroj edhe nje here suksese ne punen tuaj te lavderueshme.

Cezar Kurti.

P.S. Sugjeroj qe te jepni nje adrese elktronike te forumit tuaj, ne menyre qe njerezit te mund te komunikojne pa qene nevoja per te kaluar kalvarin e gjate te regjistrimit si anetar.


Postuar nga Isra datė 24 Tetor 2006 - 07:13:

Re: Learn Albanian -meso Gjuhen Shqipe

[QUOTE]Po citoj ato qė tha Isra
MĖSIMI I GJUHĖS SHQIPE PĖR JO-SHQIPFOLĖS


pershendetje!

Kjo teme do te jete me vlere nese do te kemi te huaj ne kete forum dhe qe kane deshire te mesojne gjuhen shqipe, por pse jo dhe per ne shqipfolesit nuk do te ishte keq te mesonim gramatiken e gjuhes shqipe...

Lexim te mbare!


Shqipja ndėrkombėtare!
Tė huajtė duhet tė na pėrgjigjen shqip!
Just do eight steps, and everything will be just okay!
( Ēezar Kurti - http://www.geocities.com/cezarkurti/ )


******************************************
Z.Kurti, sapo kam cituar veten time ne mesazhin e pare te kesaj teme qekur e kam hapur.!
Besoj se eshte e qarte qe materiali im eshte copy paste dhe linku i lartpermendur eshte pikerisht i juaji.Po ngaqe dikush do te pertonte te hapte kete link une mendova ti sjell nje nga nje mesimet..
Sigurisht qe qellimi im nuk ka qene te marr meritat sikunder mendoni ju.Une nuk jam gjuhetare por kam mbaruar per gjuhe letersi, e meqe e kam pasion gjuhen shqipe mendoj te sjell linkun tuaj per ata qe duan ta mesojne gjuhen shqipe.
Qarte tani???Faleminderit per mirekuptimin!

Gjithe te mirat zoteri i nderuar!


Postuar nga smith datė 24 Tetor 2006 - 16:17:

Mirekuptim i plote

Isra,
Ju kuptoj fare mire. Falemnderit per sjelljen e linkut te "Learn Albanian" ne forumin Horizonti.

Qofshi mire,

Smith


Postuar nga kontinenti datė 24 Tetor 2006 - 19:49:

Re: Mirekuptim i plote

Citim:
Po citoj ato qė tha smith
Isra,
Ju kuptoj fare mire. Falemnderit per sjelljen e linkut te "Learn Albanian" ne forumin Horizonti.

Qofshi mire,

Smith



I dashur Smith, e lexova mesazhin tuaj te pare dhe po prisja shkrimin e Isres. Pasi lexova dhe shkrimin e Isres, perseri po prisja shkrimin tuaj.
C'dua te them me kete?
Dua te them se; une, nje anetar i ketij forumi, te falenderoj per pergjigjen tuaj dhene Isres.
Rrespekte.


  Gjithsej 2 faqe: [1] 2 »
Trego 61 mesazhet nė njė faqe tė vetme

Materialet qė gjenden tek Forumi Horizont janė kontribut i vizitorėve. Jeni tė lutur tė mos i kopjoni por ti bėni link adresėn ku ndodhen.